Caspian Sea bottom scouring by hummocky ice floes

Ogorodov, Stanislav; Arkhipov, V. V.

doi:10.1134/s1028334x10050338

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Considering the effect of ice features on the seabed it's worth noting that ice hummocks and ridges produce stronger impact than stamukhi. Mobile ridges leave ice scours several kilometres long and up to 5 m wide (Ogorodov and Arkhipov 2010) during wind drift along with ice floes. Multiple ice scours can reach a width of 200 m. In contrast, stamukhi are immobilized ice features with an effect limited by their size.…”

Section: Table 3 Long-term Changes Of Temperature and Ice Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the beginning of the 2000s, the exploration and development of oil deposits on the Caspian shelf caused detailed studies of the stamukhi parameters, grounding process, internal structure (Mironov, Porubaev 2005) and their effect on the seabed (Nepomenko, Popova 2018), modeling (Andreev, Ivanov 2012) and detailed ice monitoring (Frolov et al 2009). Later Ogorodov and Arkhipov (2010) deteceted the impact of stamukhi and ice ridges on the seabed at depths of up to 12 m using slide-scan sonar survey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Features Of The Northern Caspian Under Sea Level Fluctuations And Ice Coverage Variations

Ogorodov

Magaeva

Maznev

et al. 2020

GES

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The Caspian Seaseasonal ice cover develops each winter despite of it being in mid-latitudes. Increasing development of oil and gas fields challenges researchers to ensure operational safety. TheCaspian Seahas seen significant water level fluctuations in its recent history. And in the same time, it is vulnerable to effects of climate change. Extensive studies on ice conditions conducted in the region don’t provide insights on influence of these factors in combination to describe ice cover behavior and ice features distribution. We classify winter seasons of theNorthern Caspianby their severity calculating the cumulative freezing-degree days (CFDD). Ice charts based on aerial reconnaissance with support of the OSI-450 reanalysis provided data on the ice coverage, the timing of ice formation and destruction, the duration of the ice seasons from 1979 to 2015. We analyzed the stamukhi distribution on theNorthern Caspianfrom aerial reconnaissance for 1973–1980 and satellite imagery deciphering for 2013–2019 periods along with sea level dynamics. We found out that the amount of severe and moderate winters reduces while mild winters number increases. This leads to a decrease in the mean ice area and ice duration at theNorthern Caspian. Comparison of two periods with different sea levels and ice coverage showed that both factors affect the distribution of stamukhi by depth and distance to coast in theNorthern Caspian. Comparison of stamukhi locations in moderate winter seasons showed that their distribution is determined by the area of ice cover. In case of similar ice conditions, the stamukhi distribution is determined by sea level. The zone of their highest concentration shifts along with the coastline offset.

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Section: Table 3 Long-term Changes Of Temperature and Ice Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice Features Of The Northern Caspian Under Sea Level Fluctuations And Ice Coverage Variations

Ogorodov

Magaeva

Maznev

et al. 2020

GES

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“…To prove the origin of the Aral Sea bottom landforms, we compared them to well-studied ice gouges in other seas and lakes. These included the Baydaratskaya Bay of the Kara Sea [53], because of its extensive coverage by SSS data during investigations for construction of an underwater pipeline crossing [4], the northern Caspian Sea [12,19], which is less studied but is proximate to the Aral Sea and has similar conditions, and Lake Erie [23] because of its similar latitudes, water area and conditions.…”

Section: Formation Mechanisms Of the Aral Sea Ice-gouging Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can execute direct mechanical, thermal, physical and chemical impact on the coasts and bottom [1,5,6]. However, ice can also affect the coasts and bottom of freezing seas and large lakes in mid-latitudes [7][8][9], in particular, of the Caspian [10][11][12][13] and Aral Seas. The most dangerous and impressive process driven by ice is mechanical plowing of bottom ground called ice gouging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the onset of modern geophysical methods, further investigations at the Northern Caspian in March 2008 showed ice scours with lengths exceeding several kilometers. The width of single scours reached 5 m; the width of their combs was up to 200 m; the depth of the scours reached 1 m [12]. In North America, J. Grass [7] first described deep ice keels scouring the bottom of Lake Erie down to depths of 25 m, penetrating loose sediments down to approximately 2 m. More studies of the Great Lakes followed [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice-Gouging Topography of the Exposed Aral Sea Bed

et al. 2019

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Ice gouging, or scouring, i.e., ice impact on the seabed, is a well-studied phenomenon in high-latitude seas. In the mid-latitudes, it remains one of the major geomorphic processes in freezing seas and large lakes. Research efforts concerning its patterns, drivers and intensity are scarce, and include aerial and geophysical studies of ice scours in the Northern Caspian Sea. This study aims to explain the origin of the recently discovered linear landforms on the exposed former Aral Sea bottom using remotely sensed data. We suggest that they are relict ice gouges, analogous to the modern ice scours of the Northern Caspian, Kara and other seas and lakes, previously studied by side scan sonar (SSS) surveys. Their average dimensions, from 3 to 90 m in width and from hundreds to thousands of meters in length, and spatial distribution were derived from satellite imagery interpretation and structure from motion-processing of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) images. Ice scouring features are virtually omnipresent at certain seabed sections, evidencing high ice gouging intensity in mid-latitude climates. Their greatest density is observed in the central part of the former East Aral Sea. The majority of contemporary ice gouges appeared during the rapid Aral Sea level fall between 1980 and the mid-1990s. Since then, the lake has almost completely drained, providing a unique opportunity for direct studies of exposed ice gouges using both in situ and remote-sensing techniques. These data could add to our current understanding of the scales and drivers of ice impact on the bottom of shallow seas and lakes.

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