Cashew apple and nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.)

Berry, Adrian D.; Sargent, Steven A.

doi:10.1533/9780857092762.414

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Finally, as A. binocularis is considered one of the main pests of A. occidentale in Brazil, 36 sex pheromone-baited traps could be used in integrated pest management practices. Given the invasive potential of the Gelechiidae pest species, exemplified by Phthorimaea operculella, 37 Sitotroga cerealella, 38 Pectinophora gossypiella 39 and by the most recent rapid expansion of Tuta absoluta, 40,41 sex pheromones could be used for the detection and monitoring of A. binocularis in other countries, especially those regarded as the largest cashew producers, including India, Vietnam and Western Africa countries. 3 However, as our investigation essentially covers the identification of pheromone compounds produced by A. binocularis, further studies, including the minimum attractant ratio of components and the type and position of traps that are optimally attractive under field conditions, will be required to determine if both components are necessary for field attractiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Δ6‐unsaturated, monoenyl type I pheromone compounds from the cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Soares

França

Triana

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Meyrick) is a major pest in cashew orchards in Brazil. The damage caused by the larvae results in economic losses, and the available chemical control is not suitable because of the endophytic nature of A. binocularis. The identification of the A. binocularis sex pheromone could provide novel applications for the detection and monitoring of this species. RESULTS Two compounds from female sex gland extracts elicited electrophysiological responses on male antennae. They were identified as dodec‐6‐en‐1‐ol and dodec‐6‐en‐1‐yl acetate by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. E/Z stereoisomers of both compounds were synthesized, and the electroantennograms for the synthetic compounds showed the strongest responses for the (E)‐stereoisomers of the alcohol and acetate. In a field trial, the E6‐12:OH/E6‐12:OAc mixture attracted male A. binocularis, whereas the Z6‐12:OH/Z6‐12:OAc mixture attracted no specimens. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds from the sex pheromone of A. binocularis have been identified as a mixture of two previously unidentified pheromone compounds: E6‐12:OH and E6‐12:OAc. The mixture of both compounds was attractive to males in preliminary field experiments, and this study is the first report of Δ6‐unsaturated monoenyl pheromone compounds in Lepidoptera. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Δ6‐unsaturated, monoenyl type I pheromone compounds from the cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Soares

França

Triana

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…According to Hill (), the variegated grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (L., 1758) (Pyrgomorphidae) is one of the most harmful pests of cashew in Africa. It is important to note, however, that A. occidentale is native to Neotropical regions but not to Africa (Berry & Sargent ), such that cashew, being an introduced species, might be more vulnerable to pests in Africa.…”

Section: Available Reports Concerning the Damage Caused By Tropidacrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropidacris collaris (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) expands its damage in orchards of the dwarf cashew, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae)

Lhano

Serrano

Vidal‐Neto

et al. 2019

Entomological Science

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The giant grasshopper Tropidacris collaris (Stoll, 1813) (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) is a Neotropical species that causes economic damage to diverse and unrelated crops. We report herein the occurrence of this grasshopper in orchards of dwarf cashew Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) located in the state of Ceará, one of the main cashew‐producing areas of Brazil. Nymphs and adults were observed feeding on cashew leaves during June and July 2016, causing partial or total defoliation of some plants. This report updates the feeding plants of T. collaris and its distribution in Brazil and serves as an early warning of possible future attacks by the pest on cashew orchards in the northeastern region of the country.

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“…Cashew nut is of great economic importance than cashew apples in Tanzania (Msoka et al, 2017). Therefore, the nut is the most commercialized part of the cashew plant (Berry & Sargent, 2011). The edible part of the nut is the kernel, which is situated inside the tough shells and surrounded by the testa (Joker, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition microbial and sensory analyses of butter made from cashew kernel pieces

2022

Int. J. Biosci.

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Cashew pieces are less valued compared to whole kernels. This study aimed to formulate cashew butter from splits (S), large white pieces (LWP) and small white pieces (SWP). Roasted and unroasted butter were made from S, SWP and LWP. The moisture, total ash, crude fat and crude protein contents for both raw and roasted butter products were evaluated by standard methods as per (AOAC, 2000). Also microbiological quality (total plate count, total coliform, S. aureus, Salmonella, E. coli, yeast and moulds) of the raw pieces and butter were assessed using standard methods. Sensory acceptability and willingness to purchase cashew butter were also evaluated. Results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the crude fat (45.12 -46.79g/100g) and moisture content of raw pieces (2.7 -2.9g/100g) while there was no significant difference in the crude protein and total ash content (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the crude protein content while the moisture (0.3 -1.74g/100g), total ash (2.34 -2.48g/100g) and crude fat (43.78 -52.6g/100g) contents showed a significant difference between the types of butter. Salmonella was below the detection level in all the samples while total coliform and E. coli were below 3 MPN/g. With regard to sensory acceptability of the cashew butter, all scores were within the acceptance range (5 -9). However roasted cashew butters were highly accepted compared to unroasted cashew butter. The results also showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in terms of spread ability, colour, taste, flavour, mouth feel and overall acceptability between the roasted and unroasted cashew butter. This study concluded that all the types of cashew butter produced are of good microbial and nutritional quality and they are fit for human consumption.

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Cashew apple and nut ( Anacardium occidentale L.)

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Identification of Δ6‐unsaturated, monoenyl type I pheromone compounds from the cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Identification of Δ6‐unsaturated, monoenyl type I pheromone compounds from the cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Tropidacris collaris (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) expands its damage in orchards of the dwarf cashew, Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae)

Proximate composition microbial and sensory analyses of butter made from cashew kernel pieces

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