Cash Transfers and Child and Adolescent Development

Walque, Damien de; Fernald, Lia C. H.; Gertler, Paul; Hidrobo, Melissa

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0423-6_ch23

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…[31] In addition, poorest children often have less access to schools and to stimulating environments. [38] In Brazil two cohorts identified an association with family income and child development. [22] As a result, there is convincing evidence that targeting low SES households will be essential to improve population-level child development and reaching SDG target 4.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that there may be some effect of the CT programs on child development outcomes; however, our observational analyses cannot be considered causal. The evidence on the effect of conditional and unconditional cash transfers on child development and general health outcomes is mixed[38, 39]. In a study of Oportunidades program in Mexico, participating in the conditional cash transfer programs was associated with better cognition and language development and this finding was confirmed in Nicaragua and Uganda.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: A population-based study

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of child development delay and to identify socioeconomic determinants.Study designWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children 2 to 72 months of age residing in the state of Ceará, Brazil. In total, 3200 households were randomly selected for participation in the study and had child development assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) version 3. Development delay was defined as a score of less than -2 standard deviations below the median of the Brazilian ASQ standard. We present population-level prevalence of delay in five development domains and assess socioeconomic determinants.ResultsA total of 3566 children completed the ASQ development assessment of which 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1–10.5) had at least one domain with development delay. The prevalence of delay increased with age in all domains and males were at higher risk for communication, gross motor and personal-social development delays as compared to females (p-values <0.05). We found robust associations of indicators of socioeconomic status with risk of development delay; increasing monthly income and higher social class were associated with reduced risk of delay across all domains (28,2% in the poorest and 21,2% in richest for any delay, p-values <0.05 for all domains). In addition, children in poor households that participated in conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs appeared to have reduced risk of delay as compared to children from households that were eligible, but did not participate, in CCT programs.ConclusionsThere is a relatively high population-level prevalence of development delay in at least one domain among children 0–6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Integrated child development, social support, and poverty reduction interventions may reduce the population-level prevalence of development delay in Ceará and similar settings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: A population-based study

et al. 2019

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show abstract

“…(30) In addition, poorest children often have less access to schools and to stimulating environments. (37) In Brazil two cohorts identified an association with family income and child development. (21) As a result, there is convincing evidence that targeting low SES households will be essential to improve population-level child development and reaching SDG target 4.2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that there may be some effect of the CT programs on child development outcomes; however, our observational analyses cannot be considered causal. The evidence on the effect of conditional and unconditional cash transfers on child development and general health outcomes is mixed(37, 38). In a study of Oportunidades program in Mexico, participating in the conditional cash transfer programs was associated with better cognition and language development and this finding was confirmed in in Nicaragua and Uganda.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study

Correia

Rocha

Sudfeld

et al. 2019

Preprint

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ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of child development delay and to identify socioeconomic determinants.Study DesignWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children 2 to 72 months of age residing in the state of Ceará, Brazil. In total, 3200 households were randomly selected for participation in the study and had child development assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) version 3. Development delay was defined as a score less than −2 standard deviations below the median of the Brazilian ASQ standard. We present population-level prevalence of delay in five development domains and assess socioeconomic determinants.ResultsA total of 3566 children completed the ASQ development assessment of which 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1-10.5) had at least one domain with development delay. The prevalence of delay increased with age in all domains and males were at higher risk for communication, gross motor and personal-social development delays as compared to females (p-values <0.05). We found robust associations of indicators of socioeconomic status with risk of development delay; increasing monthly income and higher social class were associated with reduced risk of delay across all domains (p-values <0.05). In addition, children in poor households that participated in conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs appeared to have reduced risk of delay as compared to children from households that were eligible, but did not participate, in CCT programs.ConclusionsThere is a relatively high population-level prevalence of development delay in at least one domain among children 0-6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Integrated child development, social support, and poverty reduction interventions may reduce the population-level prevalence of development delay in Ceará and similar settings.

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“…Figure A.1 documents the selection process for cash transfer studies. We first identified seven recent meta-analysis studies conducted between 2009 and 2017 (de Walque et al, 2017;Bastagli et al, 2016;Baird et al, 2014;Saavedra et al, 2012;Arnold et al, 2011;Owusu-Addo et al, 2018;Fiszbein & Schady, 2009), from which we extracted 170 publications. To further restrict our attention to the most promising studies, we exclude a study if the study exhibits any of the following features.…”

Section: Disclosure Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics

Bouguen¹,

Huang²,

Kremer³

et al. 2018

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as well as from Oriana Bandiera, Robin Burgess, Xavier Jaravel, and Rachael Meager. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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Cash Transfers and Child and Adolescent Development

Cited by 36 publications

References 82 publications

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: A population-based study

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: A population-based study

Prevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study

Using RCTs to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics

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