Cases of reduced cyathostomin egg-reappearance period and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment as well as survey on pyrantel efficacy on German horse farms

Samson‐Himmelstjerna, Georg von; Fritzen, B.; Demeler, Janina; Schürmann, Sandra; Rohn, Karl; Schnieder, Thomas; Epe, C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.036

Cited by 177 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Eine Feldstudie zeigte, dass bei einem Viertel der Pferdebestände in Deutschland (Resistenzhäufigkeit 25 %), Italien (Resistenzhäufigkeit 25 %) und Großbritannien (Resistenzhäufigkeit 25 %) eine Pyrantelresistenz der kleinen Strongyliden vorliegt und beim Fenbendazol (Benzimidazol) sogar die überwiegen-de Mehrheit der kleinen Strongyliden eine Resistenz aufweist (Resistenzhäufigkeit Deutschland 80 %) (Traversa et al 2009). Bezüglich der makrozyklischen Laktone liegen bisher keine Nachweise von Resistenzen vor, wobei jedoch im Zusammenhang mit Ivermectin und Moxidectin über eine verkürzte "EggReappearance-Period" (ERP) bei den kleinen Strongyliden berichtet wurde (Samson-Himmelstjerna et al 2007, Wirtherle et al 2004, Lyons et al 2008a, b, 2009, 2010und 2011. Vermutet wird, dass eine Verkürzung der ERP das erste Anzeichen einer sich entwickelnden anthelminthischen Resistenz ist (Sangster 1999).…”

Section: Resistenzentwicklungunclassified

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Ertelt¹,

Samson‐Himmelstjerna²,

Gehlen³

2016

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Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in GermanyThe occurrence of anthelmintic resistance has been reported soon after the introduction of well tolerated broad-spectrum anthelmintics in the 1960s. Like in bacteria the development of resistance in gastro-intestinal parasites of equines is a consequence of repeated drug application and represents an evolutionary process. In Germany, resistance has been detected in small strongyles to benzimidazole (several studies with up to ca. 80 % resistance frequency) and tetrahydropyrimidine (several studies with up to ca. 25 % resistance frequency), in ascarids to macrocyclic lactones (single study on one farm) and recently in pinworms to ivermectin (macrocyclic lactone) (single study on one farm). Once anthelmintic resistance is established it remains in the worm population even if the particular drug class is not used over a longer period of time. Today different tests are available for detection of anthelmintic resistance. Despite limitations, the FECRT remains the test of choice in horses. Different worm control concepts have been established to delay the development of resistance. Any sustainable worm control strategy targets the least frequent application of anthelmintics that does not harm the health and well-being of the horse. The targeted selective treatment that has been developed for the prevention of anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants can only be used in horses with limitations and will be further discussed in this review.

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Section: Resistenzentwicklungunclassified

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Ertelt¹,

Samson‐Himmelstjerna²,

Gehlen³

2016

PHK

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“…Ertelt et al Das Management der Pferde zeigte wie auch in anderen Studien (Larsen et al 2002, Hinney et al 2011b McBeath et al 1978, Borgsteede et al 1993, Parry et al 1993, Boersema et al 1995und 1998, DiPietro et al 1997, Demeulenaereet al 1997 Lyons et al 2008aLyons et al ,b, 2009Lyons et al , 2010Lyons et al und 2011. Bei den Spulwürmern ist die Resistenz gegen die makrozyklischen Laktone dagegen sehr ausgeprägt und weit verbreitet (Boersema et al 2002, Craig et al 2007, Hearn et al 2003, Kaplan et al 2006, Lindgren et al 2008, Lyons et al 2008aund b, Schougaard et al 2007, Slocombe et al 2007, Stoneham et al 2006, Veronesi et al 2009, Samson-Himmelstjerna et al 2007und 2011 (Herd 1986, Hinney et al 2011, Larsen et al 2002. Um welche insuffizienten hygienischen Maßnahmen es sich dabei handelte, wurde im Weiteren nicht diskutiert (Hinney et al 2011 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Management factors and their impact on helminthic fecal egg count in horses

Ertelt¹,

Merle²,

Samson‐Himmelstjerna³

et al. 2015

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Management factors and their impact on helminthic fecal egg count in horsesResearch concerning factors that influence fecal egg count is of great importance for an effective anthelmintic treatment. This study was designed to provide further insight into the management of horse stocks and its influence on the infection of the horses with parasitic helminths. For this purpose, faeces from 620 patients were sampled over a 2 year period and owners were interviewed regarding their stock management, concerning stabling, pasture hygiene and deworming. The faecal egg counts for roundworms, tapeworms and strongyles were determined by FLOTAC and evaluated for correlations with management factors. In this study, strongyles were the most frequently detected group of helminths. The multifactorial logistic regression model showed that the time of last deworming, access to pasture, fertilizing pasture with horse manure, plowing of pasture and age of horses had a significant impact on the presence of strongyle eggs. Horses of the age of 1 to 5 years revealed highest strongyle egg counts and horses with diarrhea had an increased risk (OR 3,84) of a positive strongyle egg count. Furthermore, the coproscopic findings suggest that the macrocyclic lactones still have a high anthelmintic efficacy against equine gastrointestinal strongyles. Deworming of all horses simultaneously in a stock with the same anthelmintic drug increases the chance of a negative strongyles egg count by a factor of 10. Fertilizing pasture with horse manure increased the risk of a strongyle infection whereas plowing of pasture decreased the risk. The results of this study may improve deworming strategies in horse stocks.

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“…Das Vorkommen von Infektionen mit den aufgrund ihrer Pathogenität gefürchteten großen Strongyliden ging im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte stark zurück (Samson-Himmelstjerna et al 2007, Hinney 2008. Die zu dieser Gruppe zählenden Strongylus-Arten weisen je nach Art eine Entwicklungsdauer von 6-11 Monaten auf.…”

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“…In Europa scheinen die ML in ihrer Wirkung gegenü-ber dieser Parasitengruppe noch nicht maßgeblich beeinträchtigt zu sein (Wirtherle et al 2004). Allerdings deutet die zuletzt in verschiedenen Ländern gemachte Beobachtung einer verkürzten ML-Wirkdauer eventuell auf eine beginnende Resistenzproblematik dieser Wirkstoffgruppe bei den Cyathostominen hin (Lyons et al 2008b, Samson-Himmelstjerna et al 2007). Zudem ist das Auftreten von Wurmpopulationen, die sowohl gegen BZ als auch PYR verminderte Empfindlichkeit aufweisen, besorgniserregend ).…”

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“…Erste Berichte stammen aus den Niederlanden (Boersma et al 2002) und Kanada (Hearn und Peregrine 2003). Inzwischen liegen weitere Veröffentlichungen aus den Vereinigten Staaten (Craig et al 2007, Lyons et al 2008a, Dänemark (Schougaard und Nielsen 2007), Deutschland (Samson-Himmelstjerna et al 2007), Schweden (Lindgren et al 2008, Lind und Christensson 2009, Brasilien (Molento et al 2008), England (Stoneham und Coles 2006), Italien (Veronesi et al 2009) und der Türkei (Cirak et al 2010) vor. Infolge des in den letzten Jahren beobachteten verstärkten Einsatzes von IVM-Präparaten erscheint die Sorge einer Ausbreitung der bisher nur punktuell festgestellten IVM-AR durchaus berechtigt.…”

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Recommendations for a sustainable control of gastro-intestinal worm infections in horses in Germany

Samson‐Himmelstjerna¹,

Reimers²,

Mehn³

et al. 2011

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Cases of reduced cyathostomin egg-reappearance period and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment as well as survey on pyrantel efficacy on German horse farms

Cited by 177 publications

References 22 publications

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Current state of anthelmintic resistance in horses with a special focus on the situation in Germany

Management factors and their impact on helminthic fecal egg count in horses

Recommendations for a sustainable control of gastro-intestinal worm infections in horses in Germany

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