Cases of Collapse of Demountable Grandstands

Brito, Valkisfran Lira de; Pimentel, Roberto Leal

doi:10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000006

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Moreover, previous numerical studies have confirmed that the crowd of spectators significantly decreases the values of natural frequencies (see [6,8] for example). A large number of accidents (more than 90), involving the collapse of temporary grandstands, were observed between the years 1889 -2008, where more than 60 persons were killed and around 6000 were injured [1]. Different types of supports and connections between elements as well as inappropriate bracing systems were mentioned as major causes of disasters.…”

Section: Gdańsk University Of Technology Department Of Metal Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Lasowicz¹,

Jankowski²

2023

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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Single-phase Pr 2 CBr was prepared by heating a mixture of PrBr 3 , Pr and C (1 : 5:3) to 1140 • C for 18 d. The crystal structure was investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction (space group P6 3 /mmc, a = 3.8071 (3), c = 14.7787(12)Å). In the structure the Pr atoms form C-centered octahedra condensed into Pr 2 C sheets via common edges; these sheets are separated by the Br atoms which are in a trigonal prismatic environment of Pr atoms. Pr 2 CBr is a black shiny compound with metallic conductivity. It is a ferromagnet with T c = 13.8(5) K.

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Section: Gdańsk University Of Technology Department Of Metal Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is really a common situation that these types of structures are erected using scaffolding system. The system allows the temporary steel grandstands to be 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Lasowicz¹,

Jankowski²

2023

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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“…In one study were considered several hypotheses distribution on the cover with different inclinations [74]. There is an article that presents a number of cases of collapse of demountable grandstands [2]. Authors conclude possible causes: excessive or unexpected loading (human-structure interaction or wind loads), performance of structural components (foundation, superstructure, stability system), erection process, or materials employed.…”

Section: Wind: Special Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors mention two important aspects on wind loads [1]: (1) high wind and empty structure, or (2) low wind and full structure [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural health monitoring of grandstands: a review

Fuentes

Castro-Triguero

García‐Macías

et al. 2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract. This article is a state of the art about Grandstands. The Grandstands are slender structures designed to accommodate a large number of people, which are specially under the actions of wind and the human-structure interaction. Over the years, it has been discuss of this topic, although still the number of publications still remain low. The human-structure interaction is a complex issue, where the loads may have different behaviours, depending many factors, including: type of audience (active or passive), public behaviour (jumping, walking, running, clapping, vandal loads), type of event (sports, concerts, meeting), position and posture of the individual, even influences the type of seat (with or without back, stiffness). However, the structure will behave differently when empty or fully occupied. Another load to consider is the wind, especially when the structure has a roof, screens, large-scale advertising, etc. These two types of loads can interact together, which implies an increase in the normal number of load combinations to consider. There are biomechanical models of human behaviour, used for design these types of structures. In addition, there are mathematical models to simulate the behaviour of the Grandstands by numerical methods. In recent years, all these models are throwing good results, against laboratory tests performed. It has also been monitored real Grandstands. This paper compiles all existing information on this topic.

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“…In Brito and Pimentel (2009), cases of collapse of temporary grandstands were surveyed. Ninety-three cases were identified, between the years 1889 and 2008, with more than 85 people killed and 6,350 injured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modal Tests and Model Updating for Vibration Analysis of Temporary Grandstand

Brito

Pena

Pimentel

et al. 2014

Advances in Structural Engineering

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INTRODUCTIONTemporary grandstands are structures employed to accommodate the public in events of short duration. Usually metallic, these structures are mounted on site and consist of several components, such as hollow bars, connectors, seat planks and stepped frames, the latter having the role of transferring loads from seat planks to vertical members.In Brito and Pimentel (2009), cases of collapse of temporary grandstands were surveyed. Ninety-three cases were identified, between the years 1889 and 2008, with more than 85 people killed and 6,350 injured. Among the surveyed cases related to loading problems, around 60% were related to dynamic excitation, either reporting perception of vibration prior to collapse, or movements of spectators at the time the structure collapsed.Abstract: Temporary grandstands are subjected to dynamic loading due to the movement of spectators, and problems associated with the excessive vibration of these structures have been observed. In this context, since they can be used during design stage to address such problems, reliable finite element models of the structure are needed. In this paper, a finite element model of a temporary grandstand is developed while modeling effects are investigated. To do that, a temporary grandstand for about one hundred people was assembled in a laboratory. Modal tests were conducted to calibrate the numerical models of the whole structure. These models were developed by using various degrees of refinement in order to allow comparing the effect of modeling simplifications. The results evidenced that the modeling of connections and seat planks caused significant changes in natural frequencies. The complexity of the structure, with a significant number of parameters affecting dynamic behaviour, requires that modeling ideally start from individual structural components tested in separate.

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Cases of Collapse of Demountable Grandstands

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Structural health monitoring of grandstands: a review

Modal Tests and Model Updating for Vibration Analysis of Temporary Grandstand

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