Case Study: Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Performance Prediction, Routing, and Economic Modelling

Wind propulsion for commercial ships has been identified as a key component in the energy transition for the maritime industry. The sailing hybrid ship will operate with leeway (drift) angles to produce a lateral force known as sideforce, for steady operation under sail. In this paper, experimental results for the sailing performance of ships fitted with bilge keel appendages are presented. Systematic variations in appendage height, length, and position were tested, including several special cases (multiple bilge keels). The appendage typology is shown to mitigate the strong ‘destabilizing’ yaw moment that is characteristic of wind-assisted commercial vessels and to promote the non-linear sideforce component. The working principal for bilge keels—promotion of flow separation—can be employed to specify the separation location for components of the vessel vortex wake to improve the sailing performance of the ship.

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“…7 including derived quantities and associated uncertainties. A complete record is included in the data archive [10].…”

Section: Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-aspect ratio appendages for wind-assisted ships

Kolk¹,

Akkerman

Keuning

et al. 2021

J Mar Sci Technol

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“…Establishing the constrains on the various degrees of freedom however remains a challenge. The most variation is seen in the critical value of the maximum heel angle, with values as low as 2° [39], recommendations for less than 4° [57], the use of 5° [56], 8° [11] and as high as 10° [58]. Guidelines for constraints applied to the performance prediction of wind-assisted ships are therefore suggested in Table 2.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, it is appropriate for the purpose of comparative performance prediction [61]. At a later stage of the design, a more advanced PPP may be developed [58], often relying on both hydrodynamic tank testing [57] and aerodynamic wind tunnel testing [24], or CFD [21,62]. This is crucial to the estimation of fuel savings and comparing the various systems available.…”

Section: Degree Of Freedom Recommended Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion for Sustainable Commercial Shipping: Latest Developments and Future Stakes

Khan¹,

Macklin²,

Peck³

et al. 2021

WIN21

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With the current global warming crisis and contemporary concerns for sustainability, the transport industry is developing and implementing novel solutions to reduce greenhouse gases. With close to 90% of the world’s goods relying on maritime transportation, responsible for 3% of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2019, there is a vital emphasis on reducing emissions. The latest legislation from the International Maritime Organisation has imposed even tougher sulphur oxide targets. On the other hand, emission intensity for CO2 will need to be decreased by 70% in 2050, compared to 2008 figures. While operating measures and fuel alternatives are suitable in the short-term to meet these novel regulatory constraints, as the use of fossil fuels tapers off, the long-terms solution appears to reside in wind-assisted ships. Consequently, this study aims to identify viable solutions that could reduce emissions, focussing on three prominent technologies, namely sails, rotors and kites. Furthermore, this review provides guidance on the benefits and risks associated with each technology and recommends guidelines for performance prediction and associated constraints. Ultimately, future stakes in wind-assisted propulsion are highlighted, including the need for full-scale validation, the challenge in assessing environmental and economic impact, and the structural issues associated with wind-assisted propulsion systems.

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“…derKolk et al 2019;Tillig et al 2020; Kramer (2022). presents an open-source CFD simulation for the hydrodynamic part of the equation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Methodology State-of-the-Art Report

Erikstad

Lagemann

2022

Day 3 Tue, June 28, 2022

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Marine systems design methodology is continuously evolving. On a strategic level, we have seen four major evolutionary tracks emerging from the sequential, iterative process captured in the classical design spiral. One is a model-based systems engineering approach that removes iterations by a structured mapping from needs to functions, and further to form elements that are finally synthesized into a complete design. Another is a set-based strategy, where a large number of designs are generated and analysed, from which one or a few solutions are selected for further development. A third direction is a holistic optimization strategy where the major steps in the spiral model are integrated onto a common platform that enables the automatic identification of one or a few balanced, preferable solutions. Finally, as a strategy towards improved competitiveness through standardization in a typical engineered-to-order industry, we have seen the emergence of modular architectures combined with configuration-based design methods. Across these four evolutionary tracks there have been several more focused developments on different levels of maturity. This includes design-for-sustainability, simulation of operations, design-for-flexibility to handle uncertainty and change, and design of wind-assisted vessels. Finally, we have pointed to some emerging developments that we find promising but have yet to mature into having a significant impact on industry level applications. This includes artificial intelligence and machine learning, extended system boundaries, and digital twin technologies.

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Case Study: Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Performance Prediction, Routing, and Economic Modelling

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Low-aspect ratio appendages for wind-assisted ships

Low-aspect ratio appendages for wind-assisted ships

A Review of Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion for Sustainable Commercial Shipping: Latest Developments and Future Stakes

Design Methodology State-of-the-Art Report

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