Case Study of Modular Pre-cast Concrete On-Site Stormwater Detention System during Monsoon Season in Southeast Asia

Abstract

On-site stormwater detention system within a residential property is meant for an environmental protection device that temporarily stores stormwater within the property lot to mitigate flash flood, particularly during rainy seasons brought by the northeast monsoon. A field test was constructed in a house’s car porch with a 4.40 m x 4.70 m x 0.45 m tank filled with precast-concrete modular units with an effective storage volume of 3.97 m3. The system received water from a 95 m2 house roof via 0.1 m diameter pipe, discharged water via 0.05 m diameter pipe. It had recorded six observed storm events coincided with the 2019/2020 monsoon season that consisted 20–50 mm peak hourly rainfall, 0.0007–0.0018 m3 s-1 inflow, 0.0005–0.0012 m3 s-1 outflow and 0.21–0.47 m water level. Another four historical storm events coincided with the monsoon from 2015–2017 were sourced to augment the analysis. A computer model developed using the storm water management model was calibrated and verified using the six observed events. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit tests between the observed and modelled cumulative distributions had produced 0.01–0.14 maximum vertical distances that were lower than the 0.41–0.68 critical values indicating close matches. As such, the calibrated and verified model was used to simulate the historical storm events with 40–50 mm peak hourly rainfall and produced 0.0010–0.0013 m3 s-1 inflow, 0.00072–0.00076 m3 s-1 outflow and 0.41–0.45 m water level. By combining the field test and computer simulation model, it was found the system was able to contain all stormwaters from northeast monsoon. However, it had a weakness which the system was approaching its maximum capacity once the peak hourly rainfall exceeded 45 mm. With such a procedure in place, improvement could be carried out.

Catchment Size to Effective Tank Volume Relationships for Individual Lot Stormwater Detention System in Malaysian Detached House

“…The research team maintains the 4.40 m x 4.70 m x 0.45 m stormwater detention tank size as the optimum size. This two-car size is stressed in [15] as the most common size in Malaysia for low-cost and medium-cost housing estates. However, the roof sizes could come in a variety of architectural designs.…”

Dual-system concept for stormwater control in commercial centre

“…The ARIs and associated different storm durations are reflected in the rainfall intensities, I, being used. The selected storm durations follow the recommendation in [28] to test a stormwater system up to three-hour storm under the tropical climate. The flow of stormwater runoff generated from a catchment is commonly calculated via Rational Method, as presented in Equation 1:…”

Accommodating stormwater storage structure in the veranda of shop building

“…A field test using the modular concrete units was conducted, and the findings were reported in [23,24]. A total of 121 units of the said prototype were assembled in a voluntary house in Kuching city, Sarawak, Malaysia (Figure 5).…”

“…Design of the storage unit and orifice outlet followed the field test [23,24]. The diameter of circular orifice outlet, Ao for the modular system was found best at 0.05 m. Discharge coefficient, Co for the orifice was best at 0.06.…”