Case Study: Competition Nutrition Intakes During the Open Water Swimming Grand Prix Races in Elite Female Swimmer

Kumstát, Michal; Rybárová, Silvie; Thomas, Andy; Novotný, Jan

doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0168

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…We opted for a glucose:fructose ratio of 1:1 according to the guidelines for endurance exercises of the same time duration [6,14,15]. These guidelines are based on laboratory studies that used cycling or running exercises, while the validity of CHO intake recommendations for swimming for 2 h remains to be confirmed [6,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current nutritional guidelines utilized by open-water swimmers are extrapolated from other sports with a similar duration and physiological requirements [5,6,24]. In fact, the vast majority of studies have been performed with endurance athletes (runners or cyclists) performing continuous exercise, and very little research is available regarding nutritional practices [24] and fuel utilization [18] during training and competition in highly trained athletes and, specifically, open-water swimmers [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Swimming Intermittent Training

Baldassarre

Sacchetti

Patrizio

et al. 2018

Sports

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The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding supplemented every 2.5-km, as in official races, on the performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and glycaemia during a 10-km intermittent training workout in elite open-water swimmers. A randomized crossover design was used. Participants completed two 10-km intermittent training sessions (20 × 500-m). The relative velocity was expressed in percentage of a single 500-m. Glycaemia was monitored by continuous glucose monitoring. Participants had to ingest either 1 L of tap water (WAT; 0.50 L·h−1) or 120 g of CHO in the form of 8% solution (60 g·h−1). The 15-point RPE scale was used during the trials. A two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was performed (p < 0.05). The relative velocity of each 500-m was not significantly different between the two trials. No significant differences emerged in the relative velocity of the last 500-m between trials. Average RPE was not statistically different between the two trials (11 ± 3 in WAT and 12 ± 3 in CHO). In the last 500-m, glycaemia was significantly higher in the CHO trial (5.92 ± 0.47 mmol·L−1 in CHO; 5.61 ± 0.61 mmol·L−1 in WAT). CHO ingestion did not improve performance or affect RPE during a 10-km intermittent training in elite open-water swimmers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Swimming Intermittent Training

Baldassarre

Sacchetti

Patrizio

et al. 2018

Sports

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“…Ultra-endurance athletes consume more CHO (90 g·h −1 ) than endurance athletes (60 g·h −1 ) and this difference should consider body mass and training status [107]. The CHO intake has been reported 31 g·h −1 in an ultra-marathon race [108], 42 g·h −1 in the Marathon des Sables [109], 56 g·h −1 in 4254 km ultra-marathon over 78 days [110], and 83 g·h −1 participating in seven open water swimming races of 15–88 km distance and 3–12 h duration [111]. In addition to the quantity, the quality of CHO is related to race time, e.g., an optimal glucose-to-fructose ratio during exercise might increase the exogenous CHO-oxidation and prevent gastrointestinal distress [112].…”

Section: Nutritional Aspects In Ultra-endurance Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art

Nikolaidis

Veniamakis²,

Rosemann

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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Athletes competing in ultra-endurance sports should manage nutritional issues, especially with regards to energy and fluid balance. An ultra-endurance race, considered a duration of at least 6 h, might induce the energy balance (i.e., energy deficit) in levels that could reach up to ~7000 kcal per day. Such a negative energy balance is a major health and performance concern as it leads to a decrease of both fat and skeletal muscle mass in events such as 24-h swimming, 6-day cycling or 17-day running. Sport anemia caused by heavy exercise and gastrointestinal discomfort, under hot or cold environmental conditions also needs to be considered as a major factor for health and performance in ultra-endurance sports. In addition, fluid losses from sweat can reach up to 2 L/h due to increased metabolic work during prolonged exercise and exercise under hot environments that might result in hypohydration. Athletes are at an increased risk for exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) and limb swelling when intake of fluids is greater than the volume lost. Optimal pre-race nutritional strategies should aim to increase fat utilization during exercise, and the consumption of fat-rich foods may be considered during the race, as well as carbohydrates, electrolytes, and fluid. Moreover, to reduce the risk of EAH, fluid intake should include sodium in the amounts of 10–25 mmol to reduce the risk of EAH and should be limited to 300–600 mL per hour of the race.

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“…podle solných map na tričku) a navíc trénují vícefázově, je pro zajištění optimální hydratace klíčové kompenzovat dostatečným příjmem tekutin ztráty sodíku tak, aby docházelo k efektivní rehydrataci. Sportovci, kteří se orientují na maximální výkon, mohou prostřednictvím individuálně předepsaného příjmu tekutin zabezpečit potřebné množství sacharidů (Kumstát, Rybářová, Thomas, & Novotný, 2016). Uvedené okolnosti podporují preskribovaný příjem tekutin během zatížení zejména u vrcholových sportovců AUTONOMNÍ VS. PRESKRIBOVANÝ PŘÍJEM -OTÁZKY BUDOUCÍHO VÝZKUMU 1.…”

Section: Preskribovaný Příjem Tekutin Podle Kalkulované Míry Poceníunclassified

Příjem tekutin během vytrvalostního zatížení – pít podle pocitu žízně, ano nebo ne?

Kumstát

2019

StS

Self Cite

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AbstraktPři nedostatečném příjmu tekutin, při nadměrných ztrátách vody z těla pocením nebo kombinací obou faktorů dochází u sportovců k dehydrataci. Individuálně řízený příjem tekutin během zatížení založený na znalostech míry pocení je optimální strategií, která umožnuje sportovcům kontrolovat rozsah dehydratace a minimalizuje negativní dopady na sportovní výkon. Současná doporučení jsou však soudobou literaturou podrobena kritice pro přeceňování nežádoucích účinků dehydratace na sportovní výkon. "Benevolentní" strategie příjmu t ekutin během sportovního zatížení regulovaná diktátem žízně prochází renesancí a je podložena dostupnou literaturou. Cílem teoretického sdělení je kritická diskuse dvou kontrastních strategií příjmu tekutin během vytrvalostního zatížení, jejich dopad na rozvoj dehydratace a výkon sportovce. Východiskem diskuse jsou recentní publikace k tématu autonomního a předpisovaného příjmu tekutin ve sportu. Na základě dostupné literatury je možné autonomní model příjmu tekutin považovat za hydratační strategii bránící nežádoucímu vzestupu tělesné hmotnosti během zatížení v délce trvání do 90 min. Autonomní příjem je využitelný zejména u rekreačních sportovních aktivit. Předpisovaný příjem tekutin by měli preferovat především účastníci vytrvalostních závodů s délkou trvání nad 90 min a při vysoké okolní teplotě (>30 °C), dále vrcholoví sportovci během pravidelného vícefázového tréninku. AbstractIn case of insufficient fluid intake, excessive water loss from the body by sweating or a combination of both factors results in dehydration in athletes. Individually controlled fluid intake during exercise based on the knowledge of sweating rate is an optimal strategy that allows athletes to control the extent of dehydration and minimises the negative impact on sports performance. However, current recommendations are criticised by contemporary literature due to the overestimation of the undesirable effects of dehydration on sports performance. The "benevolent" strategy of fluid intake during an exercise, regulated by the dictate of thirst, is being re-evaluated with evidence-based support in the available scientific literature. The theoretical work aims to critically discuss two contrasting strategies of fluid intake during endurance exercise, their impact on the progression of dehydration and on athlete's performance. Recent publications on the topic of autonomous and prescribed fluid intake in the sport were the background for the discussion. Based on the current literature, autonomous drinking behaviour is recommended to majority of athletes participating in an exercise with a duration of < 90 min as it sufficiently prevents from overdrinking. Prescribed drinking regime should be adopted by endurance athletes in hot environments (> 30 °C) when exercise duration exceeds 90 min and by an elite athlete during daily multiple-session training.

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Case Study: Competition Nutrition Intakes During the Open Water Swimming Grand Prix Races in Elite Female Swimmer

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Carbohydrate Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Swimming Intermittent Training

Carbohydrate Supplementation Does Not Improve 10 km Swimming Intermittent Training

Nutrition in Ultra-Endurance: State of the Art

Příjem tekutin během vytrvalostního zatížení – pít podle pocitu žízně, ano nebo ne?

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