“…CSR was seen as a strategic tool of Samsung to enter and expand the market (Kim & Seo, ; Lee, Park, & Hadjikhani, ). To be specific, Kim and Seo () summarized Samsung's CSR activities by using the three approaches of Carroll (), Porter and Kramer (), and Ibuki (). The conclusion drawn from these studies was that Samsung had successfully carried out all four stages—economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of Carroll ()—in China.…”