Case studies on genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Potential risk scenarios and associated health indicators

The applicability of animal health surveillance systems for post-market monitoring of potential adverse effects of genetically modified (GM) feed

“…The definitions currently used by either general surveillance or case specific monitoring are broader than that used in conventional health surveillance. As such, specific recommendations at this time maybe premature; however, consideration to the options available is outlined in this paper.Within a parallel activity of the MARLON project, the possibility to measure health indicators linked to various hypothetical scenarios was explored, such as potential allergenicity of GM feeds in livestock, horizontal gene transfer, and positive nutritional impacts of nutritionally improved feeds or reduced toxicity given reduced levels of natural toxins contaminating the crop(31). Also, the scenario of unknown adverse effects was considered.…”

Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Feed: Is There Any Difference From Food?

“…The legislation for GM and GE crops is based on the principle of assuring the safety of humans, animals, and the environment. Comprehensive studies on the risk assessment of GM food crops have been published previously (König et al, 2004;Delaney, 2015;Domingo, 2016;Gurău and Ranchhod, 2016;Dadgarnejad et al, 2017;Tutel'yan, 2017;De Santis et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2018).…”

“…Allergenicity and toxicological studies may be assessed at once, since both are designed to detect newly expressed substances. Allergenic reactions can cause more severe symptoms, but usually to only some individuals, while toxicity is predictable and reproducible between individuals as it affects the majority of exposed individuals with only minor differences in susceptibility (De Santis et al, 2018).…”

Vaccination and Biopharming Technology

“…Third world countries like Nigeria, Afghanistan, and South Africa are suffering from worst poverty keeping forward all these conditions edible vaccines will prove a boon to overcome the disease and death rates. In Pakistan GMO food is being consumed but the labeling law is absent, whereas, equity, consistency, and fairness is the basic human right [7,8] maize, canola, cotton, and soybean are genetically engineered crops being used in different countries [9]. Other plants which are genetically engineered include poplar plant, gaining lots of interest [10].…”