Case studies of smart materials for civil structures

Abstract

In this paper, three case studies intending to apply smart materials to civil structures are presented. The first one is a study of response control using piezoelectric actuators. Actuators are inserted into the bottom of a column to produce a bending moment force. A control algorithm using the model matching method is introduced, and this algorithm is checked in shaking table tests of a four story frame. The second one is damage sensing of a structural member, using electric resistance characteristics of shape memory alloys. The relationship between electrical resistance and strain of shape memory alloy wire is studied and the maximum strain of the specimen which is regarded as a structural member is estimated. The third one is an energy dissipation device using super-elastic characteristics of a shape memory alloy. A basic energy dissipation device model using nitinol wire is proposed. The energy dissipation capacity is investigated by device tests, and an analytical model is constructed based on the test results.

A unified framework for modeling hysteresis in ferroic materials

“…Because the energy dissipated by ferroic materials is proportional to the area of the hysteresis loop, pseudoelastic operating regimes which maximize hysteresis are required when employing SMA as tendons to attenuate earthquake or wind-induced vibrations in buildings or as fibers to eliminate vibrations in articulated antennas or membrane mirrors -see [4,33,34,35,121] for recent civil applications and [91,92] for details regarding the modeling of hysteresis-induced damping behavior. The utilization of temperatureinduced phase transitions to provide actuator capabilities is under intense investigation in the context of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), thin film SMAs, and microactuator applications since surface area to volume ratios in these geometries promote rapid cooling and hence high frequency drive capabilities.…”

Static analysis of 2-2 cement-based piezoelectric composites

“…Sensors and actuators are essential components of smart structures. Satoru researched three case studies intending to apply smart materials to civil structures [1]. One of them was a study of response control using piezoelectric actuators.…”

Study of piezoelectric fibre/cement 1–3 composites

“…With the development of smart civil engineering structures, structural health monitoring has gained considerable interest [1][2][3]. In these smart systems, sensors and actuators based on smart materials are the key components.…”