Case Series of Laboratory-Associated Zika Virus Disease, United States, 2016–2019

Hills, Susan L.; Morrison, Andrea; Stuck, Shawna; Sandhu, Kayleigh; Mason, Krystal; Stanek, Danielle; Gabel, Julie; Osborne, Matthew A; Schroeder, Betsy; Rico, Edhelene; Drenzek, Cherie; Gallagher, Glen R.; Fiddner, Jennifer; Heberlein-Larson, Lea; Brown, Catherine; Fischer, Marc

doi:10.3201/eid2705.203602

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At this point, the host defense system is mainly under the control of skin fibroblast cells and epidermal keratinocytes. However, ZIKV deceives them quickly as they behave highly permissive toward the ZVI ( 4 ). As a result, viral RNA copies rapidly increase, and viral replication occurs in skin fibroblasts causing the virus to dominate ( 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Astrocytes also produce MMP-3 and MMP-12, resulting in the up-regulation of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells ( 3 ). Interactions between adhesion molecules and neutrophils contribute to BBB breakdown via the production of MMP-9 and the disassembly of the tight junctions ( 4 ). DCs are seen in the CNS within several days and migrate to draining lymph nodes where they activate and expand virus-specific T cells ( 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZIKV is a major threat to public health in various countries around the world ( 26 – 31 ). The virus itself is transmitted to humans through the Aedes mosquito ( 4 ). ZIKV penetrates the skin ( 4 – 6 ), causing a wide variety of symptoms, disorders, and diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it is considered an emerging virus because of its global spread during the last decade. Furthermore, ZIKV cases have been reported in people from different walks of life, including laboratory personnel getting infected while conducting experimental studies on the virus ( 4 ). Moreover, its pathogenic potential is reminiscent of that of DENV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika Virus from the Perspective of Observational Studies: a Review

Saleem¹,

Akhtar²,

Jamal³

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Since 1952 when Zika Virus (ZIKV): a Flavivirus, was first discovered in humans, it has not received enough scientific research compared to some of the other members of the family Flaviviridae; like Dengue Virus (DENV). However, this has not stopped the virus from infecting the human population globally. In particular, the global spread of ZIKV has led to a surge in observational studies. Methods: Regarding recently published ZIKV-related literature, we are not aware of any reviews strictly focusing on ZIKV from the perspective of observational studies. Therefore, we reviewed recently published observational studies exploring the global spread of ZIKV and its association with Congenital ZIKV Infection (CZI) and clinical manifestations in adults. Online databases including google scholar, PubMed and Elsevier were used for retrieving relevant studies. Results: ZIKV cases have been reported in different parts of the world, with certain regions reporting more cases than the rest, like Brazil. ZIKV causes a wide spectrum of diseases and disorders including microcephaly, developmental disorders, and Guillain-Barre syndrome to name a few. Furthermore, CZI in neonates mainly manifests into neurological disorders and diseases, whereas ZIKV in adults’ targets various organs. Conclusion: ZIKV poses a serious threat to human population and observational studies provide a different perspective on the damaging capabilities of ZIKV in real-life settings. Moreover, there are gaps in the literature regarding ZIKV-related-complications that future experimental studies need to address. These complications include in-utero transmission, Guillain-Barre syndrome, cross-reactivity, sexual transmission, along with its persistence in the male reproductive tract.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zika Virus from the Perspective of Observational Studies: a Review

Saleem¹,

Akhtar²,

Jamal³

et al. 2023

JAD

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“…68 There are some reports of laboratory-acquired ZV infections, although the route of transmission could not always be established. 69 There is a need to investigate these reports because ZIKV diagnostic testing and laboratory research have expanded with increased risk of occupational exposure to laboratory workers and biomedical researchers. 70 The emergency committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) announced ZIKV disease as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in 2016 and triggered the exploration of global involvement to define the pathophysiology and deal with the related clinical challenges.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Zika Virus Infections

Kasniya¹,

Ethawi²,

Huseynova³

et al. 2023

Newborn

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus transmitted through bites of the Aedes mosquitoes. Infected mothers can vertically transmit ZIKV to their fetuses, particularly during the first and second trimesters. Infections beginning during early gestation can cause congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS), which may be marked by arrested development and/or altered healing in the nervous system. There can be microcephaly, craniosynostosis, intracranial calcifications, ventriculomegaly, low brain volume and/or cortical atrophy, and hypoplasia/altered myelination in the corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. There may also be altered development with polymicrogyria, pachygyria, and lissencephaly. Clinically, infants with CZS may show facial dysmorphism, pulmonary hypoplasia, altered growth and development, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, limb contractures, and arthrogryposis multiplex. Perinatal infections can present with irritability, seizures, eye involvement, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Congenital zika virus syn and perinatal infections contrast with those acquired after birth, which usually have a relatively milder course. Overall, the mortality rate can reach 4-6%. Laboratory evaluation can include polymerase chain reactions on serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine; testing for immunoglobulin M (IgM); and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) to confirm the specificity of these Zika virus IgM (ZIKV IgM) antibodies. Unfortunately, no specific treatment is available; most measures are largely supportive.

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