Case Series of Angioembolization of Genitourinary System Between 2004 and 2016

Abstract

Background: Endourologic or percutaneous interventional treatments in genitourinary (GU) is a growing field of science with the advent of improved imaging techniques and smaller catheters. Hereby, we report case series of endovascular GU angioembolization procedures performed in our center. Methods: In this study, we report cases who underwent successful angioembolization. A total of 76 cases of bladder transitionary cell carcinoma cells, 8 cases of bladder and renal arteriovenous malformation (AVMs), 33 cases with hematuria after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), 29 cases of renal angio-myolipoma, 3 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases high risk for surgery and 5 cases of hematuria in the setting of acute renal trauma had undergone GU endovascular treatment. Results: The success rate for angioembolization of bladder transitionary carcinoma cell was 100% but in 2 cases hematuria continued due to another GU source. Coil embolization of bladder and renal AVMs and renal angio-myolipoma were successful in all cases. Cessation of hematuria after PCNL was successful in all cases except one. Coli embolization of BPH and hematuria due to renal trauma were ceased in all cases. Complications included easily controllable hematoma in 3 cases. Contrast induced nephropathy and fever occurred in 12% and 20%, respectively. Pain duration was within 4 - 10 days after embolization of AVM or tumor. Embolization could be done in high output priapism and varicocel but we did not perform these procedures because of no referral. Conclusions: Coil embolization of GU system is quite safe and approved method and could be used with high success rate and low failure rate.