“…Tailored surgical approaches have become more feasible with advanced imaging and 3D printing. E3 , E4 In our patient, 3D printing helped us understand the segmental relationships and confirm the feasibility of tunneling the interventricular communication to the aortic root. Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable modality for assessing blood flow velocities, wall shear stress, and potential baffle leaks and outflow tract obstructions.…”