Case Report: Typhoid Fever Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Pediatric Traveler

Birabaharan, Morgan; Kainth, Mundeep K.; Kessel, Aaron; Hagmann, Stefan

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.19-0286

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to its classic gastrointestinal involvement, typhoid fever is important for its potential, although rare, to cause extraintestinal foci, which may involve the neurological, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. 6 S. Typhi, for example, can travel through the body by means of phagocytic invasion, affecting bone marrow, spleen and liver, 7 causing pancytopenia, splenic and liver abscess, being the rupture of splenic abscess most common in younger children, the immunosuppressed, and those with hemoglobinopathies. 8 Respiratory symptoms may predominate in children, with cough being the most common manifestation, present in 72% of the cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated salmonellosis with bronchopneumonia in an infant: a case report

Lima¹,

Ferreira²,

Damasceno³

et al. 2023

JMEN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infection by the Salmonella genus is one of the main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, with relevant mortality in developing Countries. However, its presentation is not always classic, and may involve extraintestinal sites such as lungs, kidneys, and others. Herein, we present a case report, with a detailed description of necroscopic findings, of a 7-month-old infant who died of salmonellotic bronchopneumonia, without previous gastrointestinal manifestation. The relevance of this report consists in alerting the medical community on the possibility of extraintestinal salmonellosis in this risk group, in addition to giving due attention to the macroscopic and histopathological findings of disseminated salmonellosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated salmonellosis with bronchopneumonia in an infant: a case report

Lima¹,

Ferreira²,

Damasceno³

et al. 2023

JMEN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In literature, bronchopneumonia as a pulmonary complication of typhoid has been widely reported [ 8 - 10 ]. However other complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [ 11 ], pulmonary haemorrhage [ 12 ], and pleural empyema [ 13 ] are less common. Pneumothorax was commonly seen in the pre-antibiotic era due to embolism or pyaemia [ 14 ] however rarely seen nowadays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Typhoid

Khan

Ahmad

Nisa

et al. 2020

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report a rare case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with a short history of diarrhea, vomiting and fever after traveling to Pakistan. During the course of initial investigations, her chest radiograph showed a primary spontaneous pneumothorax. There was no previous history of pulmonary disease. She was diagnosed as having Salmonella Typhi based on positive blood cultures. In the literature, spontaneous pneumothorax has been associated with typhoid fever as a complication of the disease in the pre-antibiotic era. However, a spontaneous pneumothorax associated with typhoid fever has never been reported to our knowledge in the post-antibiotic era.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of IRIS, as well as non-ARV-treatment-associated clinical worsening in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia and those receiving immunosuppressants, highlights the complexities of microbial elimination strategies and their impact on host immunity. Paradoxical clinical worsening and inflammation can also occur after the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bacteremia due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release, as well as syphilis, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and malaria in healthy, apparently normal persons (23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Clinicians have long considered the possibility of paradoxical worsening, namely, Herxheimer reactions, in treatment of syphilis (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Therapy in the Context of the Damage-Response Framework: the Prospect of Optimizing Therapy by Reducing Host Damage

Pirofski

Casadevall

2020

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

By design, antimicrobial agents act directly on microbial targets. These drugs aim to eliminate microbes and are remarkably effective against susceptible organisms. Nonetheless, some patients succumb to infectious diseases despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Today, with very few exceptions, physicians select antimicrobial therapy based on its activity against the targeted organism without consideration of how the regimen affects patients’ immune responses. An important concept to emerge in the past few decades is that immune responses to microbes can be detrimental by enhancing host damage, which can translate into clinical disease. A central tenet of the damage-response framework (DRF) of microbial pathogenesis is that the relevant outcome of host-microbe interaction is the damage that occurs in the host, which can be due to microbial factors, host factors, or both. Given that host damage can make patients sick, reducing it should be a goal of treating infectious diseases. Inflammation and damage that stem from the host response to an infectious disease can increase during therapy with some antimicrobial agents and decrease during therapy with others. When a patient cannot eliminate a microbe with their own immune response, antimicrobial therapy is essential for microbial elimination, and yet it can affect the inflammatory response. In this essay, we discuss antimicrobial therapy in the context of the DRF and propose that consideration of the DRF may help tailor therapy to a patient’s need to augment or reduce inflammation.

show abstract

Case Report: Typhoid Fever Complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Pediatric Traveler

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Disseminated salmonellosis with bronchopneumonia in an infant: a case report

Disseminated salmonellosis with bronchopneumonia in an infant: a case report

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Typhoid

Antimicrobial Therapy in the Context of the Damage-Response Framework: the Prospect of Optimizing Therapy by Reducing Host Damage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About