Case Report: Severe Acute Pulmonary COVID-19 in a Teenager Post Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Velden, Fabian van der; Delft, Frederik van; Owens, Stephen; Llevadias, Judit; McKean, Michael C; Pulford, Lindsey; Taha, Yusri; Williamson, G. M.; Campbell-Hewson, Quentin; Hambleton, Sophie; Payne, Rebecca; Duncan, Christopher; Johnston, Catriona; Spegarova, Jarmila Stremenova; Emonts, Marieke

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.809061

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most common clinical symptoms from lymphoma were masses (n = 8) (2 mediastinal, 1 transverse colon, 1 nasopharyngeal, 1 adrenal, 1 groin, 1 iliopsoas and 1 parotid glands) (22,57,88,105,170), lymphadenopathy (n = 6) (2 cervical, 1 neck, 1 supraclavicular, 1 groin and 1 auricular) (57,88,105), bleeding (n = 3) (1 gastrointestinal, 1 central nervous system and 1 gingival) (101,105,145), respiratory failure (n = 3) (16, 152, 164), sepsis (n = 2) (16, 105), splenomegaly (n = 2) (22, 88), swollen neck (n = 2) (57, 164), abdominal pain (n = 2) (14, 87), multiorgan failure (n = 2) (16, 17) and acute renal failure due to methotrexate intoxication (n = 1) (105). As expected, most prescribed therapies in these lymphomatous cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were antibiotics (n = 30) (14, 15, 22, 38, 39, 59, (40,59,108,129,145,164,165,170,175) or critical (3/115 = 2.6%) (105,152,169). Most lymphomatous paediatric cases did not get MIS-C (78/84, 92.8%) (12-15, 17-19, 22, 31, 35, 38, 40, 57, 67, 78, 87, 88, 92, 96, 101, 123, 128, 130, 144, 150, 164, 169, 170, 173-175, 177), however, few lymphomatous children were reported to experience MIS-C (6/84, 7.1%) (16, 59,105,145,152,165).…”

Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 65%

“…As expected, most prescribed therapies in these lymphomatous cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 were antibiotics (n = 30) (14, 15, 22, 38, 39, 59, (40,59,108,129,145,164,165,170,175) or critical (3/115 = 2.6%) (105,152,169). Most lymphomatous paediatric cases did not get MIS-C (78/84, 92.8%) (12-15, 17-19, 22, 31, 35, 38, 40, 57, 67, 78, 87, 88, 92, 96, 101, 123, 128, 130, 144, 150, 164, 169, 170, 173-175, 177), however, few lymphomatous children were reported to experience MIS-C (6/84, 7.1%) (16, 59,105,145,152,165).…”

Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Lymphomatous children who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were admitted to the intensive care units (n = 16, 12%) (16, 35,39,40,59,129,145,150,152,164,165,170,175), intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation (n = 5, 3.7%) (16,39,40,152,170) and suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 7, 5.3%) (16,40,59,145,152,165,170). Paediatric lymphomatous cases with concurrent COVID-19 had a documented mortality of 10 (7.5%) (15-17, 38-40, 93, 170), while 119 (89.5%) of the lymphomatous children recovered (12-15, 18-22, 31, 35, 38-40, 57, 59, 67, 78, 87, 88, 93, 96, 101, 105, 108, 123, 128-130, 144, 145, 150, 152, 164, 165, 169-175, 177, 178).…”

Section: Leukaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood cancer in children infected with COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review

Alhumaid,

Noaim,

Almuslim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Blood cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death by disease past infancy among children. Children with blood cancer are vulnerable population to viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: To estimate the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in blood cancer children and analyse the demographic parameters, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in blood cancer children with COVID-19 illness. Methods: For this systematic review, we searched ProQuest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for studies on the development of COVID-19 in children with blood cancer, published from December 1, 2019 to April 30, 2023, with English language restriction. Results: Of the 3077 papers that were identified, 155 articles were included in the systematic review (83 case report, 54 cohort and 18 case-series studies). Studies involving 1289 blood cancer children with confirmed COVID-19 were analysed. Leukaemias (1141 cases) were the most frequent types of blood cancer observed in children who developed COVID-19, followed by non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (59 cases), Hodgkin’s lymphomas (36 cases), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (7 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (7 cases) and myeloid neoplasm (1 case). Among all 1289 blood cancer paediatric cases who transmitted SARS-CoV-2, some children were documented to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 175, 13.6%), intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation (n = 111, 8.6%), suffered acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 144, 11.2%) or died (n = 111, 8.6%). Overall, COVID-19 in children with different types of blood cancer resulted in no or low severity of disease in more than 78.6% of all included cases (COVID-19 severity: asymptomatic = 239, mild = 603, or moderate = 171). Treatment for COVID-19 was not necessary in a high number of blood cancer children (n = 94, 7.3%). Fatality in blood cancer children with COVID-19 was reported in any of the included blood cancer categories for leukaemias (n = 99, 8.7%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (n = 7, 11.9%), Hodgkin’s lymphomas (n = 2, 5.5%), myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1, 14.3%) or myeloid neoplasm (n = 1, 100%). Fatality rate in blood cancer children infected with SARS-CoV-2 was the highest in patients with Hispanic ethnicity (n = 44/111, 39.6%) and COVID-19–related fatality was highest in male patients (76.5% of deceased patients). Most studies reported to alter the intensity and regimen of anticancer treatment in blood cancer children during course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, many studies have reported to successfully treat COVID-19 without any changes to the anticancer treatment. Conclusion: Globally, leukaemias were the most prevalent and myeloid neoplasms were the least prevalent blood cancer types in children who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Children with blood cancer tend to have milder COVID-19 symptoms and are less likely to be hospitalized and have better prognosis when compared to adults. Continuation of anticancer treatment in individual paediatric blood cancer patients with COVID-19 seems to be possible.

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Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Leukaemiasupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Leukaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood cancer in children infected with COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review

Alhumaid,

Noaim,

Almuslim

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Virus was cultivable from the upper respiratory tract >6 months post onset, indicating persistent infectiousness, a finding additional to that of a previous report (Taha et al, 2021). One child with relapsed Hodgkin’s disease and an autologous stem cell transplant (HD/HSCT) developed severe SARS-CoV-2 infection with PCR-positivity of 2.5 months (Van der Velden et al, 2022) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected at month 6. Nine children had underlying conditions of organ transplant ( n = 3) or immune-mediated rheumatological disease (IMD) ( n = 6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppressed patients

Bradshaw,

Harrison,

Page

et al. 2024

Journal of Infection Prevention

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“…One patient had a severe course and received a combination of Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, anakinra, CD45RA-lymphocytes and ECMO 6 . Prior to availability of SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodies in the authors' institution, one patient with severe primary pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection post high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell rescue, required a combination of steroids, remdesivir, tocilizumab, baricitinib (JAK inhibitor) and ECMO 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haploidentical CD3+ TCR αβ/CD19+–depleted HSCT for MHC class II deficiency and persistent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis

Ramanathan¹,

Veramendi-Espinoza²,

Shillitoe³

et al. 2023

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global

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Case Report: Severe Acute Pulmonary COVID-19 in a Teenager Post Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Blood cancer in children infected with COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review

Blood cancer in children infected with COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review

A surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunosuppressed patients

Haploidentical CD3+ TCR αβ/CD19+–depleted HSCT for MHC class II deficiency and persistent SARS-CoV-2 pneumonitis

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