Case report of unilateral retrobulbar hematoma associated with von Willebrand disease in a Doberman Pinscher dog

Abstract

Although rarely reported, isolated ophthalmic manifestation of type 1 vWD should be considered as differential diagnosis for extraocular and intraocular hemorrhage. 1 | CASE PRESENTATION 1.1 | Case history A five-year-old entire male Doberman Pinscher dog was presented for assessment of acute onset left-sided periocular

Retrobulbar haematoma secondary to haemophilia A in a dog

“…Clinical signs described in retrobulbar diseases include exophthalmos, decreased ocular retropulsion, strabismus, protrusion of the nictitating membrane, blindness, chemosis, increased intraocular pressure and pain elicited in oral cavity opening both in humans 1 and in dogs 7 . Similarly, the majority of these clinical signs were present in this case.…”

“…9,10 Cases of orbital haemorrhage have also been described due to acquired or congenital coagulopathies in humans. 11 In veterinary medicine, there are several reports published with different causes for retrobulbar haematomas, ranging from traumatic causes, 1 rodenticide toxicity, 3,6 von Willebrand disease 7 to following maxillary nerve block. 12 In the present case the presumable cause was a blunt trauma in a domestic environment that resulted in the retrobulbar haematoma due to clothing deficits.…”

“…Reports on orbital haematomas secondary to haemostasis disorders have rarely been described in humans 4,5 . Similarly, in dogs, there is a low number of reported cases of retrobulbar haematomas, some being secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity 6 and one recent report being associated with von Willebrand disease 7 …”

“…4,5 Similarly, in dogs, there is a low number of reported cases of retrobulbar haematomas, some being secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity 6 and one recent report being associated with von Willebrand disease. 7 A case of retrobulbar haematoma secondary to haemophilia A in a dog is described. The interest of this case is linked, on one hand, to the unusual cause of the sudden exophthalmos, and, on the other hand, to the unexpected profuse bleeding that occurred from the transoral incision site.…”

Unilateral exophthalmos in a dog following bilateral maxillary nerve block for rhinoscopy

“…Retrobulbar haematoma formation may lead to increases in intraocular pressure, leading to optic nerve and vessel compression and as such is treated as an ophthalmologic emergency 35 . Reports in veterinary literature are sparse and are commonly related to coagulopathy, which were managed either surgically or medically 35–37 . In a human systematic review by Christie et al., factors leading to improved outcomes of retrobulbar haematoma management included surgical intervention and a shorter time to intervention.…”