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BACKGROUND Several studies have reported pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) cases with their cardiac manifestations, but only few studies synthesize the cardiovascular characteristics in children with PIMS-TS. However, detecting cardiac abnormalities is crucial in improving patients' outcomes and reducing mortality. This review aimed to summarize the overall symptoms, laboratory, and workup findings in PIMS-TS patients, focusing on cardiovascular manifestations. METHODS We searched 4 medical databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Scielo) and 4 preprint databases (Medrxiv, Research Square, SSRN, and Biorxiv). The literature search was done on November 8, 2021. All case reports, case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and possible clinical trials published from December 2020 onward that studied PIMS-TS on cardiac manifestation (aged 0–18 years) were included. Studies on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, animal studies, and studies without full-text availability were excluded. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021194468). RESULTS 59 studies were included with a total of 698 patients. The most common cardiovascular findings were the presence of cardiogenic shock (37%) and hypotension (8.5%). Almost all laboratory values were deranged. Cardiac computed tomography scan mostly showed normal results (56%), followed by cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion (14%). Electrocardiography showed normal findings (46%), ST-segment abnormalities (32%), and abnormal T wave (12%). Echocardiography findings showed left ventricle dysfunction (40.6%), which can be considered most significant, followed by pericardial effusion together with pericarditis (11.4%) and tricuspid regurgitation (6.9%). CONCLUSIONS This review found various cardiac abnormalities that may develop during PIMS-TS. Due to these findings, we should be more vigilant and not underestimate the consequences in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) cases with their cardiac manifestations, but only few studies synthesize the cardiovascular characteristics in children with PIMS-TS. However, detecting cardiac abnormalities is crucial in improving patients' outcomes and reducing mortality. This review aimed to summarize the overall symptoms, laboratory, and workup findings in PIMS-TS patients, focusing on cardiovascular manifestations. METHODS We searched 4 medical databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, and Scielo) and 4 preprint databases (Medrxiv, Research Square, SSRN, and Biorxiv). The literature search was done on November 8, 2021. All case reports, case series, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and possible clinical trials published from December 2020 onward that studied PIMS-TS on cardiac manifestation (aged 0–18 years) were included. Studies on multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, animal studies, and studies without full-text availability were excluded. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021194468). RESULTS 59 studies were included with a total of 698 patients. The most common cardiovascular findings were the presence of cardiogenic shock (37%) and hypotension (8.5%). Almost all laboratory values were deranged. Cardiac computed tomography scan mostly showed normal results (56%), followed by cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion (14%). Electrocardiography showed normal findings (46%), ST-segment abnormalities (32%), and abnormal T wave (12%). Echocardiography findings showed left ventricle dysfunction (40.6%), which can be considered most significant, followed by pericardial effusion together with pericarditis (11.4%) and tricuspid regurgitation (6.9%). CONCLUSIONS This review found various cardiac abnormalities that may develop during PIMS-TS. Due to these findings, we should be more vigilant and not underestimate the consequences in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
A rare life-threatening condition has been noticed in children who have been previously infected with COVID-19, involving organ inflammation, named as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome. In this study, the authors analyse a unique case, describe possibilities of disease manifestation in a particular individual, and detail different treatment options. Along with treatment and monitoring, all eligible children should be vaccinated against COVID-19. Unfortunately, due to decreased availability and increasing demand for the COVID-19 vaccine, the government in Pakistan has been led to vaccinate the general population on the basis of age group. Currently, individuals older than 12-years-old are being vaccinated, but not those who are younger. As a result, younger children have a higher chance of being infected with COVID-19 and developing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Vaccination against the virus reduces the likelihood of COVID-19 infection. MIS-C is a rare condition found in children that might be fatal, and current evidence indicates that MIS-C occurs due to exaggerated immune response.
A rare life-threatening condition has been noticed in children who have been previously infected with COVID-19, involving organ inflammation, named as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome. In this study, the authors analyse a unique case, describe possibilities of disease manifestation in a particular individual, and detail different treatment options. Along with treatment and monitoring, all eligible children should be vaccinated against COVID-19. Unfortunately, due to decreased availability and increasing demand for the COVID-19 vaccine, the government in Pakistan has been led to vaccinate the general population on the basis of age group. Currently, individuals older than 12-years-old are being vaccinated, but not those who are younger. As a result, younger children have a higher chance of being infected with COVID-19 and developing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Vaccination against the virus reduces the likelihood of COVID-19 infection. MIS-C is a rare condition found in children that might be fatal, and current evidence indicates that MIS-C occurs due to exaggerated immune response.
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