Case of Human Infection with &lt;i&gt;Anaplasma phagocytophilum&lt;/i&gt; in Inner Mongolia, China

Gaowa,; Wulantuya,; Yin, Xuhong; Cao, Minzhi; Guo, Shengchun; Ding, Chunlian; Lu, Yilong; Luo, Jianchang; Kawabata, Hiroki; Ando, Shuji; Su, Hongru; Shimada, Masahiko; Takamoto, Naoya; Shimamura, Yuk; Masuda, S.; Ohashi, Norio

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.450

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The distribution of D . nuttalli covers Inner Mongolia [ 12 , 14 ], Gansu [ 33 ], and the southwest and northeast of China [ 29 , 31 , 32 ], among other places.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Rickettsia outer membrane protein A gene ( rOmpA ) was also amplified for confirmation of the gltA PCR [ 18 ]. The outer membrane protein-1 gene ( p28 / omp-1 ) of Ehrlichia and the major surface protein-2 gene ( p44 / msp2 ) of Anaplasma were detected by nested PCR [ 12 , 19 ]. Targeting the 16S rRNA gene for borreliae, DNA primers and Taqman probes were designed from conserved sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 16S rRNA PCR-positive samples were classified, and conventional PCRs based on the borrelial flagellin ( flaB ) gene or the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase ( glpQ ) gene were performed for confirmation of the real-time PCR results [ 21 ]. The PCR-specific primers and reaction conditions were derived from our previous studies [ 12 , 18 – 21 ], and the primers used in these experiments were synthesized by Nanjing Kingsley Biotechnology Company (Nanjing, China).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Located on the border of China and Russia, the Greater Hinggan Mountains in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia are rich in wildlife and have a diverse ecosystem. This region is one of the major epidemic areas of tick-borne infectious diseases in China because its unique geographical and ecological features make it an ideal habitat for ticks [ 3 , 12 – 14 ]. In Inner Mongolia, and elsewhere in China and the rest of the world, limited research has been carried out on the occurrence of different genospecies in co-infections in host-questing ticks, despite progress on tick-borne infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

et al. 2023

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Tick-borne infectious diseases pose a serious health threat in certain regions of the world. Emerging infectious diseases caused by novel tick-borne pathogens have been reported that are causing particular concern. Several tick-borne diseases often coexist in the same foci, and a single vector tick can transmit two or more pathogens at the same time, which greatly increases the probability of co-infection in host animals and humans and can lead to an epidemic of tick-borne disease. The lack of epidemiological data and information on the specific clinical symptoms related to co-infection with tick-borne pathogens means that it is not currently possible to accurately and rapidly distinguish between a single pathogen infection and co-infection with multiple pathogens, which can have serious consequences. Inner Mongolia in the north of China is endemic for tick-borne infectious diseases, especially in the eastern forest region. Previous studies have found that more than 10% of co-infections were in host-seeking ticks. However, the lack of data on the specific types of co-infection with pathogens makes clinical treatment difficult. In our study, we present data on the co-infection types and the differences in co-infection among different ecological regions through genetic analysis of tick samples collected throughout Inner Mongolia. Our findings may aid clinicians in the diagnosis of concomitant tick-borne infectious diseases.

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“…The distribution of D . nuttalli covers Inner Mongolia [ 12 , 14 ], Gansu [ 33 ], and the southwest and northeast of China [ 29 , 31 , 32 ], among other places.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-infection of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in ticks in Inner Mongolia, China

et al. 2023

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“…AP has been reported in the U.S., Asia [ 67 , 68 , 75 , 77 , 78 , 97 ], and Europe [ 12 , 23 , 24 , 32 , 46 , 57 , 65 , 69 ]. Slovenia has the highest seroprevalence (17%), followed by northwest Wisconsin (15%) and Sweden (12%) [ 100 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis—A Systematic Review of Published Cases

et al. 2022

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Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen that is transmitted by a tick vector. Human infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe disease that can present with pancytopenia, multiorgan failure, and death. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze case reports and case series reported over the last two decades in peer-reviewed journals indexed in the Medline/PubMed database according to the PRISMA guidelines. We found 110 unique patients from 88 case reports and series. The most common mode of transmission was tick bite (60.9%), followed by blood transfusion (8.2%). Infection was acquired by blood transfusion in nearly half (42%) of the immunocompromised patients. Most patients reported fever (90%), followed by constitutional (59%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (56%). Rash was present in 17% of patients, much higher than in previous studies. Thrombocytopenia was the most common laboratory abnormality (76%) followed by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (46%). The diagnosis was most commonly established using whole-blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 76% of patients. Coinfection rate was 9.1% and Borrelia burgdorferi was most commonly isolated in seven patients (6.4%). Doxycycline was used to treat 70% of patients but was only used as an empiric treatment in one-third of patients (33.6%). The overall mortality rate was 5.7%, and one patient died from trauma unrelated to HGA. The mortality rates among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients were 4.2% (n = 4/95) and 18.2% (n = 2/11), respectively. Four of the six patients who died (66.6%) received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Among these, doxycycline was delayed by more than 48 h in two patients.

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