“…When a seismic survey is designed for deep targets, e.g., a few kilometers, the imaging of the near surface can be a challenge (see, e.g., Pecholcs et al, 2002 andVesnaver, 2004, among others). Single-source single-sensor surveys, also known as dense, wide aperture surveys, have been successfully used for many highresolution studies of active faults and volcanic areas (e.g., Operto et al, 2004, Improta and Bruno, 2007, Bruno and Castiello, 2009, and Bruno et al, 2013, but only recently this field technique has been validated for large-scale 2D and 3D surveys (El-Emam and Khalil, 2012;Marmash et al, 2014;Granser et al, 2015). This recording geometry is appropriate for the tomographic imaging of direct and diving waves, provided that the local resolution of the Earth model to be inverted is consistent with the wavelength of recorded seismic waves (see, e.g., Berkhout, 1984 andBöhm, 1997, among others).…”