Case- fatality rate in COVID- 19 patients: A meta- analysis of publicly accessible database

Maitra, Souvik; Biswas, Mansij; Bhattacharjee, Sulagna

doi:10.1101/2020.04.09.20059683

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…45 Importantly, higher per capita expenditure on health significantly reduces the risk of COVID-19 deaths. 26 This could be attributed to the fact that a strong health system with sufficient resources is both adaptive, resilient and often has the required manpower and facilities to respond to the higher demand for medical staff and supplies in treating COVID-19 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa.DesignA systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa.Data sourcesData were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv.Eligibility criteriaStudies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020.Data extraction and synthesisWe performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form.ResultsFifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths.ConclusionsDemographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…The frequency of fatal outcomes is most commonly measured by case fatality rates, [1][2][3] infection fatality rates 4 5 or excess number of deaths. 6 7 Early estimates have been challenged and updated [8][9][10][11] during and after the first wave in spring 2020. Case and infection fatality rates have been criticised because interpretation depends on public health measures taken, testing and reporting systems, assessment of cause of death and underlying demographic characteristics, most importantly age distributions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing relative COVID-19 mortality during the second wave: a prospective Swiss population-based study

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveDuring the first COVID-19 wave in Switzerland, relative mortality was at least eight times higher compared with the uninfected general population. We aimed to assess sex-specific and age-specific relative mortality associated with a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis during the second wave.DesignProspective population-based study.SettingIndividuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the start of the second wave on 1 October 2020 were followed up until death or administrative censoring on 31 December 2020.Participants5 179 740 inhabitants of Switzerland in fall 2018 aged 35–95 years (without COVID-19) and 257 288 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR or antigen testing during the second wave.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe planned outcome measure was time to death from any cause, measured from the date of a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis or 1 October in the general population. Information on confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses and deaths was matched by calendar time with the all-cause mortality of the general Swiss population of 2018. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate sex-specific and age-specific mortality rates and probabilities of death within 60 days.ResultsThe risk of death for individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the second wave in Switzerland increased at least sixfold compared with the general population. HRs, reflecting the risk attributable to a SARS-CoV-2 infection, were higher for men (1.40, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.52) and increased for each additional year of age (1.01, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02). COVID-19 mortality was reduced by at least 20% compared with the first wave in spring 2020.ConclusionGeneral mortality patterns, increased for men and older persons, were similar in spring and in fall. Absolute and relative COVID-19 mortality was smaller in fall.Trial registrationThe protocol for this study was registered on 3 December 2020 at https://osf.io/gbd6r.

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“…The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak starting in China [1] expanded rapidly over the globe and many countries respond to the spread of the disease by a lock-down to limit contacts between people. Many countries are heavily affected by the outbreak and there is a high deaths rate [2]. The deaths probability will be an important parameter guiding how long lock-down and social distancing are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The proportion of deaths cases in confirmed patients of COVID-19 is still increasing for cumulative cases reported up to 25 April 2020

Scheuerl

2020

Preprint

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In this work I analyse how proportions of fatal cases after COVID-19 infection change since outbreak of the disease. Using publicity available data I model the change in deaths probability from day 30 of outbreak until 14 th April 2020. The global trend is that this proportion is increasing and that many countries have not yet reached the maximum deaths rate. However, there are visual differences between countries and in some countries the proportions are clearly below or above the global trend. A positive correlation between deaths cases and recorded infections indicates that a higher infection number results in increased mortality numbers.

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Case- fatality rate in COVID- 19 patients: A meta- analysis of publicly accessible database

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

Assessing relative COVID-19 mortality during the second wave: a prospective Swiss population-based study

The proportion of deaths cases in confirmed patients of COVID-19 is still increasing for cumulative cases reported up to 25 April 2020

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