Case-Control Study on Lung Cancer and Residential Radon in Western Germany

Kreienbrock, Lothar; Kreuzer, Michaela; Gerken, Michael; Dingerkus, G.; Wellmann, Jürgen; Keller, G.; Wichmann, H‐Erich

doi:10.1093/aje/153.1.42

Cited by 110 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Seven studies were excluded for previous mete-analysis (Lubin and Boice, 1997;Pavia et al, 2003) and combined analysis in Europe, North America or China Darby et al, 2005;Krewski et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2005;Darby et al, 2006). Four studies were excluded because (Kreienbrock et al, 2001;Kreuzer et al, 2003) were excluded because Wichmann (2005) study in the present meta-analysis involved cases of two areas. We further excluded 5 studies, in which residential radon was not determined by alphatrack radon detector.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies

Zhang¹,

Sun²,

Dong³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Numbers of epidemiological studies assessing residential radon exposure and risk of lung cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Methods: We therefore performed a meta-analysis of relevant published casecontrol studies searched in the PubMed database through July 2011 to examine the association. The combined odds ratio (OR) were calculated using fixed-or random-effects models. Subgroup and dose-response analyses were also performed. Results: We identified 22 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer risk involving 13,380 cases and 21,102 controls. The combined OR of lung cancer for the highest with the lowest exposure was 1.29 (95% CI 1.10-1.51). Dose-response analysis showed that every 100 Bq/m 3 increment in residential radon exposure was associated with a significant 7% increase in lung cancer risk. Subgroup analysis displayed a more pronounced association in the studies conducted in Europe. Studies restricted to female or non-smokers demonstrated weakened associations between exposure and lung cancer. Conclusions: This metaanalysis provides new evidence supporting the conclusion that residential exposure to radon can significantly increase the risk of lung cancer in a dose-response manner.

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Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies

Zhang¹,

Sun²,

Dong³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Information on smoking, alcohol consumption, occupational exposure, family history of cancer and nutrition was collected with a comprehensive, standardized questionnaire that has been used in almost identical form in previous large studies. 27,28 Eligible controls (1,233) were contacted and 769 complete interviews were carried out (response rate 5 62.4%). All interviews were conducted by 5 well-trained interviewers under standardized conditions.…”

Section: Study Design and Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and laryngeal cancer risk

Becher

Ramroth

Ahrens

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Primary risk factors for laryngeal cancer are smoking and alcohol. The relevance of occupational exposures in the etiology of laryngeal cancer is not yet clarified. Some studies have suggested various occupational agents as additional causal risk factors. A population-based case-control study 1:3 frequency matched by age and gender on laryngeal cancer was carried out in southwest Germany with 257 cases (236 males and 21 females between the ages of 37-80, histologically confirmed and diagnosed between January 5, 1998 and December 31, 2000) and 769 population controls (702 males, 67 females). Occupational exposures and other risk factors were obtained with face-to-face interviews using a detailed standardized questionnaire. The complete individual work history was assessed. A detailed assessment of work conditions was obtained by job-specific questionnaires for selected jobs known to be associated with exposure to potential carcinogens. A specific substance list was used as second method for exposure assessment. Blood samples were taken from all individuals for genotype analysis. A strong effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on laryngeal cancer risk after adjustment for smoking and alcohol (odds ratio [OR] 5 5.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 1.6-17.1) was observed for concordant exposure classified with both methods, and a clear dose-response (p < 0.01 for linear trend) for exposure duration. Our findings are supported by risks associated with occupational groups in which this exposure is a priori considered likely. A differential effect by glutathione-S-transferases-M1 genotype was found, however, small numbers do not allow firm conclusions on effect modification. Our study contributes to classifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: case-control studies; gene-environment interaction; glutathione-S-transferases; laryngeal cancer; occupational exposure; road construction workers Laryngeal cancer is the second most common cancer of the respiratory tract with an age standardized (Segi World population) incidence rate for the year 2000 of about 10 in 100,000 in males and 1 in 100,000 in females in Europe. The range is from 2.1 (Sweden) to 16 (Belarus) in males, and from 0.18 (Latvia) to 1.6 (Macedonia) in females. 1 According to recent data, 2 the crude incidence in Germany is 7 in 100,000 in males and 1 in 100,000 in females. The mortality is considerably lower because of the relatively good prognosis. Most tumors are squamous cell carcinomas.Major risk factors are smoking and extensive alcohol consumption. There is clear evidence that laryngeal cancer is causally associated with cigarette smoking. The risk increases substantially with duration and number of cigarettes smoked and relative risks (RR) up to 60 for smoking >40 cigarettes/day have been reported. 3 A few studies also reported that RR for cancer of the larynx increased with decreasing age at start of smoking. The RR decreased with increasing time since quitting smok...

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“…Based on these measurements and interview information on the time of the rooms' occupancy and on each home's residency, the residential radon exposure was assessed retrospectively. The reported RR estimates per 100 Bq/m 3 and 95% confidence intervals were 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) and 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) for the West and the East study, respectively, based on measurements in the homes inhabited at index date and 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) and 1.10 (0.98, 1.24) for the West and the East study, respectively, based on all measurements in homes inhabited up to 15 years prior to interview (Wichmann et al, 1998(Wichmann et al, , 1999Kreienbrock et al, 2001;Kreuzer et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two dimensions of measurement error: Classical and Berkson error in residential radon exposure assessment

Heid

Küchenhoff

Miles³

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Measurement error in exposure assessment is unavoidable. Statistical methods to correct for such errors rely upon a valid error model, particularly regarding the classification of classical and Berkson error, the structure and the size of the error. We provide a detailed list of sources of error in residential radon exposure assessment, stressing the importance of (a) the differentiation between classical and Berkson error and (b) the clear definitions of predictors and operationally defined predictors using the example of two German case-control studies on lung cancer and residential radon exposure. We give intuitive measures of error size and present evidence on both the error size and the multiplicative structure of the error from three data sets with repeated measurements of radon concentration. We conclude that modern exposure assessment should not only aim to be as accurate and precise as possible, but should also provide a model of the remaining measurement errors with clear differentiation of classical and Berkson components.

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Case-Control Study on Lung Cancer and Residential Radon in Western Germany

Cited by 110 publications

References 23 publications

Residential Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies

Residential Radon and Lung Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies

Occupation, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and laryngeal cancer risk

Two dimensions of measurement error: Classical and Berkson error in residential radon exposure assessment

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