Case-control study of the risk factors for age related macular degeneration

Chaîne, G.; Hullo, A; Sahel, José‐Alain; Soubrane, G.; Espinasse-Berrod, M.-A.; Schütz, Daniel; Bourguignon, Celine; Harpey, C; Brault, Y; Coste, Marine; Moccatti, D; Bourgeois, Hubert

doi:10.1136/bjo.82.9.996

Cited by 140 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…1,[16][17][18][19][20] In fact, as shown in Table 1, a number of our study patients with AMD were being treated for these disorders. Smoking, hypertension, and elevated serum cholesterol have been shown to be risk factors for both AMD and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal haemodynamics in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Satô

Feke

Menke

et al. 2005

Eye

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Objective To investigate whether there is an association between the magnitude of retinal haemodynamic abnormalities in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the degree of severity of the AMD. Methods A retinal laser Doppler system (Canon CLBF 100) was used to measure retinal arterial haemodynamic parameters in 25 eyes of 25 patients with AMD and nine eyes of nine age-matched control subjects. Severity of AMD was classified into Mild (n ¼ 11), Moderate (n ¼ 7), or Severe (n ¼ 7). The pulsatility ratio (PR), the pulsatility index (PI), and the resistivity index (RI) were determined. Results PR, PI, and RI in the patients with AMD were each significantly higher than in the control group, and increased monotonically with increasing severity of AMD. However, there were no differences in mean blood velocity, arterial diameter, or blood flow rate among the groups. This suggests that the increased blood flow pulsatility in the retinal arteries of the eyes with AMD is not due to increased distal vascular resistance, but instead is likely due to a loss of compliance in the arterial vasculature leading to the eye. Conclusion Our results suggest that an increasing vascular rigidity in the systemic arterial circulation is directly associated with an increasing severity of AMD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal haemodynamics in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Satô

Feke

Menke

et al. 2005

Eye

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“…12 We found AMD was more common in eyes with lower axial lengths, and hyperopia has been associated with AMD in a number of case-control studies. [15][16][17] In, for example, the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) persons with hyperopia were 1.3 times and 2.3 times more likely to have large drusen or neovascular AMD. 16 In population-based studies, findings have been less consistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database Study of cataract surgery: report 2, relationships of axial length with ocular copathology, preoperative visual acuity, and posterior capsule rupture

Donachie

Sparrow

Johnston

2015

Eye

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This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint providership of Medscape, LLC and Nature Publishing Group. Medscape, LLC is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.Medscape, LLC designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)t. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study the education content; (3) take the post-test with a 75% minimum passing score and complete the evaluation at www.medscape.org/journal/eye; (4) view/print certificate. Learning ObjectivesUpon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:1. Assess the relationship between axial length and different forms of ocular pathology.2. Distinguish any association between axial length and the presence of brunescent or white cataracts.3. Determine how axial length might affect visual acuity before cataract surgery.4. Evaluate the effect of axial length on posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, or both among patients undergoing cataract surgery. Results Consultant surgeons performed a higher proportion of operations on eyes whose axial length were at the extremes. Glaucoma and age related macular degeneration were more common in eyes with shorter axial lengths, whilst previous vitrectomy was associated with longer axial lengths. Eyes with brunescent or white cataracts or amblyopia were more common at both axial length extremes. Preoperative visual acuities were similar for eyes with axial length measurements up to approximately 28 mm and worse for eyes with longer axial length measurements. PCR rates showed little change with axial length (overall mean 1.95%, 95% CI: 1.89 to 2.01%), except for a borderline increase in eyes with axial length o20.0 mm where rates were 3.6% (95% CI: 2.0 to 6.3%). The likelihood of PCR in eyes with axial length o20.0 mm was 1.88 times higher than those of ≥ 20.0 mm (P = 0.0373). Conclusion Rates of ocular comorbidities vary by axial length. PCR rates in eyes with very short or long axial lengths were lower than expected. Authors/Editors disclosure information

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“…Successful transfer of lipids to nascent apo B regulates whether apo B is secreted in a mature lipoprotein particle or degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. 28 -30 Patients with CVD history or symptoms have increased risk for ARM 31,32 (G. McGwin, C. Owsley, C.A. Curcio, R.J. Crain, submitted), and CVD and ARM have common risk factors (age, smoking, and hypertension).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein B in Cholesterol-Containing Drusen and Basal Deposits of Human Eyes with Age-Related Maculopathy

Malek

Guidry

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Pathology

239

212

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Lipids accumulate in Bruch's membrane (BrM), a specialized vascular intima of the eye, and in extracellular lesions associated with aging and age-related maculopathy (ARM). We tested the hypothesis that ARM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease share molecules and mechanisms pertaining to extracellular lipid accumulation by localizing cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apo B) in BrM, basal deposits, and drusen. Human donor eyes were preserved <4 hours postmortem and cryosectioned. Sections were stained with traditional lipid stains and filipin for esterified and unesterified cholesterol or probed with antibodies to apo B, apo E, and apo C-III. Normal adult retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was subjected to RT-PCR and Western blot analysis for apolipoprotein mRNA and protein. Esterified and unesterified cholesterol was present in all drusen and basal deposits of ARM and normal eyes. Both apo B and apo E but not apo C-III were found in BrM, drusen, and basal deposits. Age-related maculopathy (ARM) is the leading cause of new, untreatable vision loss in the elderly in Western societies. [1][2][3] As shown in Figure 1A, ARM involves the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE, cells dedicated to sustaining photoreceptor health), the choriocapillaris (the blood supply to photoreceptors and the RPE), and Bruch's membrane (BrM, a thin vascular intima between the RPE and choriocapillaris). 4,5 Early ARM is characterized by moderate vision loss associated with characteristic extracellular lesions. Lesions between the RPE basal lamina and BrM can be focal (drusen) or diffuse (basal linear deposits). A diffuse lesion between the RPE and its basal lamina is basal laminar deposit. The term "sub-RPE deposits" is used for the combination of drusen and basal deposits and "basal deposits" for the combination of basal laminar deposit and basal linear deposit. Late ARM is characterized by severe vision loss associated with extensive RPE atrophy with or without the sequelae of choroidal neovascularization, ie, in-growth of choriocapillaries through BrM and under the RPE in the plane of drusen and basal linear deposits. Because the causes of ARM are obscure, recent studies have sought molecules present in the affected tissues and characteristic lesions to identify biochemical pathways perturbed by disease. 6 An important but incompletely characterized component of BrM and sub-RPE deposits is lipids. Normal BrM accumulates lipids with age, and the accumulation of esterified and unesterified cholesterol (EC and UC)-containing particles is especially prominent in the macula. 7-10 Drusen and basal deposits in aged eyes without ARM contain lipids, including cholesterol, 9 -13 and current evidence suggests that individual sub-RPE deposits are preferentially enriched in either neutral lipids or polar lipids. 13 The source of lipids and mechanisms of deposition are unknown. Analyses of BrM/ choroid lipid composition have implicated both local cells and plasma. 8,9 Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in Wester...

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Case-control study of the risk factors for age related macular degeneration

Cited by 140 publications

References 16 publications

Retinal haemodynamics in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Retinal haemodynamics in patients with age-related macular degeneration

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database Study of cataract surgery: report 2, relationships of axial length with ocular copathology, preoperative visual acuity, and posterior capsule rupture

Apolipoprotein B in Cholesterol-Containing Drusen and Basal Deposits of Human Eyes with Age-Related Maculopathy

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