Case-control studies of relation between childhood cancer and neonatal vitamin K administration

Passmore, S J; Draper, G J; Brownbill, P. A.; Kroll, M E

doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7126.178

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The prophylactic administration of vitamin K to neonates became a controversial topic when Golding et al (111) reported in 1992 that children who received it by the IM route were almost 3 times more likely to develop leukemia than children who received it orally or not at all. Although subsequent studies failed to confirm these findings (95,(112)(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118)(119) infected between the ages of 1 week and 5 years. Although HBV persistence is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (accounting for > 50% of the disease), the mechanisms by which persistence is established and hepatocellular carcinoma ensues is still the subject of much current research (8).…”

Section: Perinatal/postnatal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 56%

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Anderson¹,

Diwan²,

Fear³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

124

134

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In humans, cancer may be caused by genetics and environmental exposures; however, in the majority of instances the identification of the critical time window of exposure is problematic. The evidence for exposures occurring during the preconceptional period that have an association with childhood or adulthood cancers is equivocal. Agents definitely related to cancer in children, and adulthood if exposure occurs in utero, include: maternal exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy and childhood leukemia and certain other cancers, and maternal use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina of their daughters. The list of environmental exposures that occur during the perinatal/postnatal period with potential to increase the risk of cancer is lengthening, but evidence available to date is inconsistent and inconclusive. In animal models, preconceptional carcinogenesis has been demonstrated for a variety of types of radiation and chemicals, with demonstrated sensitivity for all stages from fetal gonocytes to postmeiotic germ cells. Transplacental and neonatal carcinogenesis show marked ontogenetic stage specificity in some cases. Mechanistic factors include the number of cells at risk, the rate of cell division, the development of differentiated characteristics including the ability to activate and detoxify carcinogens, the presence of stem cells, and possibly others. Usefulness for human risk estimation would be strengthened by the study of these factors in more than one species, and by a focus on specific human risk issues.

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Section: Perinatal/postnatal Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 56%

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Anderson¹,

Diwan²,

Fear³

et al. 2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

124

134

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“…The continuing uncertainty will be difficult to resolve: case note destruction makes information on past practice increasingly difficult to obtain,6 18 20 and few babies born now avoid some form of prophylaxis 3. Furthermore, because childhood cancer is relatively common, while life threatening vitamin K deficiency bleeding is now very rare, even a 10% increase in the incidence of childhood cancer, were it causally related, might result in a policy of universal intramuscular prophylaxis doing more harm than good 20.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, because childhood cancer is relatively common, while life threatening vitamin K deficiency bleeding is now very rare, even a 10% increase in the incidence of childhood cancer, were it causally related, might result in a policy of universal intramuscular prophylaxis doing more harm than good 20. A randomised trial would be needed to answer this question unequivocally but, to rule out a 10% difference in the incidence of subsequent cancer, it would have to be very large indeed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six years' experience of prophylactic oral vitamin K

Wariyar¹,

Hilton²,

Pagan³

et al. 2000

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition

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Aims-The ability of oral vitamin K to eliminate all risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding during the first three months of life was studied. Methods-Babies (n=182 000) in the north of England judged well enough to be oVered milk within 12 hours of birth were given 1 mg of phytomenadione (vitamin K 1 ) suspended in a medium chain triglyceride oil by mouth at delivery between 1993 and 1998. The parents of those who were breastfed were given a further three doses to give to the baby once every two weeks after discharge. Results-Four breastfed babies developed late vitamin K deficiency bleeding. In two, staV failed to follow policy guidelines, and in two there was undiagnosed 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Audit suggested that 93% of breastfed babies had all four doses, as advised. Conclusions-An oral product that parents can administer themselves would be popular if licensed, but the total dose oVered may need to be more than in this study if babies with undiagnosed liver disease are to be protected.

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“…Several countries changed their policies accordingly and experienced various incidences of late vitamin K deficiency bleeding in conjunction with various protocols of repeated oral application [54]. Golding's findings were not confirmed by other studies [55,56,57], but the sensationalistic debate in the media has undermined public confidence in vitamin K altogether, and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn has returned [58]. …”

Section: Modern Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 98%

Innocent Blood: A History of Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

Obladen

2015

Neonatology

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Hemorrhages occurring in the newborn without trauma have been observed by obstetricians since the 17th century, but have been considered different diseases depending on their location. Umbilical hemorrhage associated with obstructed bile canals was described by Cheyne in 1802. Grandidier in 1871 and Townsend in 1894 grouped together various forms of neonatal bleeds and associated them with disturbed coagulation. When the clotting system became better understood in the last decade of the 19th century, effective symptomatic treatment was developed: gelatin, serum injection, and the transfusion of fresh blood. In 1935, Dam detected the function of vitamin K in the coagulation system and 4 years later, Waddell introduced vitamin K administration into therapy and prevention of neonatal hemorrhagic disease. Kernicterus occurred when high doses of synthetic water-soluble vitamin K analogues were given to preterm infants, reminding physicians that progress in neonatal therapy rests on the cornerstones of controlled trials and follow-up.

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Case-control studies of relation between childhood cancer and neonatal vitamin K administration

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Critical Windows of Exposure for Children's Health: Cancer in Human Epidemiological Studies and Neoplasms in Experimental Animal Models

Six years' experience of prophylactic oral vitamin K

Innocent Blood: A History of Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn

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