Case-Control Assessment of the Roles of Noroviruses, Human Bocaviruses 2, 3, and 4, and Novel Polyomaviruses and Astroviruses in Acute Childhood Diarrhea

Melamed, Rimma; Storch, Gregory A.; Holtz, Lori R.; Klein, Eileen J.; Herrin, Brittany E.; Tarr, Phillip I.; Denno, Donna M.

doi:10.1093/jpids/piw083

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…These imply that relative abundance of MLB- and VA-AstVs in water and clinical specimens varies depending on geographical location. It is noteworthy that in all the previous studies in U.S. and South Asia, CAstVs were more predominantly identified than MLB- and VA-AstVs 13 , 35 , 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Some clinical studies compared the abundance of MLB- and VA-AstVs in feces from diarrheal patients, although the number of positive specimens is limited 34 . In U.S., MLB-AstVs (3/466 positives) were more prevalent than VA-AstVs (1/466 positive) in St. Louis, while only VA-AstVs (1/196 positive) were identified in Seattle 35 , 36 . In South Asian countries, only VA-AstVs were identified in Nepal and Pakistan (3/190 and 2/43 positives, respectively), while MLB-AstVs were more prevalent (9/416 positive) than VA-AstVs (3/416 positives) in India 13 , 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Next-generation amplicon sequencing identifies genetically diverse human astroviruses, including recombinant strains, in environmental waters

Hata

Kitajima

Haramoto

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Human astroviruses are associated with gastroenteritis and known to contaminate water environments. Three different genetic clades of astroviruses are known to infect humans and each clade consists of diverse strains. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of astrovirus strains in water samples in different geographical locations, i.e., influent and effluent wastewater samples (n = 24 each) in Arizona, U.S., and groundwater (n = 37) and river water (n = 14) samples collected in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using next-generation amplicon sequencing. Astrovirus strains including rare types (types 6 and 7 classical human astroviruses), emerging type (type 5 VA-astroviruses), and putative recombinants were identified. Feline astrovirus strains were collaterally identified and recombination between human and feline astroviruses was suggested. Classical- and VA-astroviruses seemed to be prevalent during cooler months, while MLB-astroviruses were identified only during warmer months. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of next-generation amplicon sequencing for identification and characterization of genetically diverse astrovirus strains in environmental water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Next-generation amplicon sequencing identifies genetically diverse human astroviruses, including recombinant strains, in environmental waters

Hata

Kitajima

Haramoto

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…We retrospectively reviewed all hospitalized, culture-confirmed E. coli O157:H7 cases reported to the Washington State Department of Health through passive surveillance between 2005 and 2014. Note that some children in the current analysis also contributed data to concurrent studies (Denno et al, 2012; Hickey et al, 2011; Melamed et al, 2017; Qin et al, 2015; Wong et al, 2012). We attempted to obtain the chart from each hospital listed on the Department of Health case report form, and demographics, disease course, laboratory tests, and antibiotic treatment were abstracted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of the association between antibiotic use and hemolytic uremic syndrome following Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection varies with case definition

Tarr

Oltean

Phipps

et al. 2018

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Each definition yielded an estimate of the association in the direction of increased risk of HUS with antibiotics. While the range of OR point estimates was relatively small, confidence intervals for two HUS definitions crossed the null and two did not, potentially altering the inference an investigator makes. Discrepant reports of the association between antibiotic use and HUS in the literature might be due in part to the choice of HUS definition, and a consistent definition of HUS should be adopted for research and public health purposes.

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“…While molecular detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have high analytical sensitivity and specificity, they are not always suited to determining the cause of illness and may have a reduced diagnostic sensitivity. For example, when comparing the PCR results from the respiratory or stool samples of febrile patients with those from a control group with no symptoms, it is not always easy to pinpoint the cause of infection, as similar organisms can be identified in the disease and healthy control groups [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. This further supports the need to include clinical symptoms and, where appropriate, quantitative assessments to differentiate between colonization, carriage and infection causing disease.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Biomarkers and Diagnostic Tools for the Management of Fever in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Overview of the Challenges

et al. 2017

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A lack of simple, inexpensive, and rapid diagnostic tests for febrile illnesses other than malaria leads to overtreatment with antibiotics for those who test negative for malaria, and contributes to the global rise in antimicrobial resistance. New tests for the detection of host biomarkers provide promising tools to differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial infections in febrile patients. However, most available biomarker tests are not currently used in resource-limited settings, and very few evaluations have been performed in low- and middle-income country populations with non-severe febrile illness. As a result, our knowledge of the performance of these tests in settings with high prevalence of infectious and poverty-related diseases such as malaria, HIV, malnutrition and intestinal parasites is poor. This paper describes challenges faced during the process of getting to an approved test, including difficulties in selecting the most appropriate fever biomarkers; suitable study designs and sites for test evaluations; lack of available reference tests to evaluate the performance of new tests; and lack of clear regulatory pathways to introduce such tests. As many new biomarker assays are in development, understanding these challenges will better enable those working in this area to address them during product development.

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Case-Control Assessment of the Roles of Noroviruses, Human Bocaviruses 2, 3, and 4, and Novel Polyomaviruses and Astroviruses in Acute Childhood Diarrhea

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Next-generation amplicon sequencing identifies genetically diverse human astroviruses, including recombinant strains, in environmental waters

Next-generation amplicon sequencing identifies genetically diverse human astroviruses, including recombinant strains, in environmental waters

Strength of the association between antibiotic use and hemolytic uremic syndrome following Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection varies with case definition

New Biomarkers and Diagnostic Tools for the Management of Fever in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Overview of the Challenges

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