Case 24: Tibia Fracture

Eichner, Angelika; Hänsel, Mike; Domino, Karen B.; Hübler, Matthias

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45407-3_24

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It causes the apoptosis of melanin-containing keratinocytes in the upper epidermis to prevent cell growth with unrepaired DNA damage. Keratinocytes further release several growth factors such as alpha-MSH, Endothelin-1 (ET-1), and aid in the UV-induced hyperpigmentation (Eichner et al, 2014;Yamaguchi & Hearing, 2009). Various intrinsic factors involved in hyperpigmentation include signals from fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, several hormones, inflammatory cells, and the nervous system.…”

Section: Pathophys Iology Of Hyperpig Mentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies

Nautiyal

Wairkar

2021

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Hyperpigmentation of the skin refers to a dermatological condition which alters the color of the skin, making it discolored or darkened. The treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders often take very long to show results and have poor patient compliance. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. The second-line approaches include chemical peels and laser therapy given under the observation of expert professionals. However, these therapies pose certain limitations and adverse effects such as erythema, skin peeling, and drying and require long treatment duration to show visible effects. These shortcomings of the conventional treatments provided scope for further research on newer alternatives for managing hyperpigmentation. Some of these therapies include novel formulations such as solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, phytochemicals, platelet-rich plasma, microneedling. This review focuses on elaborating on several hyperpigmentation disorders and their mechanisms, the current, novel and emerging treatment options for management of hyperpigmentation.

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Section: Pathophys Iology Of Hyperpig Mentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elevated estrogen levels in pregnancy can thus contribute to hyperpigmentation disorders such as melasma and areolar hyperpigmentation (Eichner et al, 2014).…”

Section: Pathophys Iology Of Hyperpig Mentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies

Nautiyal

Wairkar

2021

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Case 24: Tibia Fracture

Cited by 1 publication

References 8 publications

Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies

Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies

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