Casabianca formation: a Colombian example of volcanism-induced aggradation in a fluvial basin

Carlos, A.; Borrero, P.; Naranjo, J. L.

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(90)90091-s

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…El Bosque Batholith outcrops in the E sector of the NRVC and has a predominantly granodioritictonalitic composition and an age of 49.1 Ma (Vesga & Barrero, 1978). The Manizales Formation of Miocene -Pliocene age (Flórez, 1986;Herrera & López, 2003;Naranjo & Ríos, 1989) and the Casabianca Formation (Borrero & Naranjo, 1990) of Pliocene -Pleistocene age correspond to primary, secondary, and epiclastic volcanogenic deposits, the volcanic sources of which are not evident in the geological record.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pre-Ruiz effusive volcanism is possibly related to ancient fissures in the Palestina Fault System, and was synchronous with the effusive and explosive activity of the volcano Pre-Paramillo de Santa Rosa (ca. 2.5 to 0.8 Ma) of the Paramillo de Santa Rosa Volcanic Complex (Pulgarín-Alzate et al, 2020), and the emplacement of volcanic domes such as the Sancancio, Tesorito, Gallinazo, Amazonas, La Negra, and Sabinas (Aristizabal & Echeverry, 2001;Ayala, 2009;Borrero et al, 2009;Martínez et al, 2014;Murcia et al, 2017;Thouret et al, 1990;Toro et al, 2010;Vargas & Mann, 2013), which are aligned in the NW-SE direction along the Villamaría-Termales Fault System. The predominantly effusive volcanic activity pre-ceded the Cerro Bravo, Paramillo del Quindío, and Nevado del Tolima volcanic eruptions, as shown by their K-Ar ages of 1.4 ± 0.25 Ma, 1.3 ± 0.15 Ma, and 1.29 ± 0.10 Ma, respectively, assessed by Thouret et al (1990).…”

Section: Pre-ruiz Eruptive Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chapter 7

SGC¹

2019

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New results based on modern methods of volcanic mapping and stratigraphy used in the area domain of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, combined with the review of previous studies and the contribution of new geochronological, petrographic, and geochemical data, are presented to define the Nevado del Ruiz Volcanic Complex. The geological evolution of this complex consists of four eruptive periods that were characterized by the construction and destruction of volcanic edifices and deposits associated with effusive products (lava flows and lava domes), primary volcaniclastic deposits (pyroclastic density currents and pyroclastic falls), secondary volcaniclastic deposits (lahars and debris avalanches), and glacial and fluvial deposits. The Pre-Ruiz eruptive period was dominated by effusive volcanism and the construction of the "Ancestral Ruiz" volcano; known ages range from 1.8 to 0.97 Ma. The First eruptive period Ruiz corresponded to the construction of the "Older Ruiz" volcano and it was defined by effusive volcanism that started less than 0.97 Ma; the construction of La Olleta Volcano began at the end of this eruptive period at approximately 107 ka, and the destructive period of the "Older Ruiz" volcano occurred at approximately 95 ka, leading to the formation of a caldera. The Intermediate eruptive period Ruiz corresponded to the origin of the volcanoes Piraña and Nereidas and to the continuation of the construction of La Olleta Volcano, as well as the occurrence of other minor eruptive centers. In the Second eruptive period Ruiz the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano was formed; this eruptive period began 66 ka ago. During the last 13 ka, explosive activity has been predominant, at least fourteen pulses and eruptive phases have occurred. The present study provides new knowledge towards understanding the eruptive history of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcanic Complex.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-ruiz Eruptive Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 7

SGC¹

2019

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Geomorphological Characteristics of the Ruiz Volcano and Surroundings

Toro

Méndez

Hermelín

et al. 2015

World Geomorphological Landscapes

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Landforms related to the Ruiz Volcano, the northernmost active volcano in South America, are both of volcanic and glacial origins. A brief historical account includes several eruptions and culminates with the catastrophic one which occurred in November 13th, 1985. A description of the geological evolution of the area is complemented by an itinerary which will permit the observation of the more important landforms.

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Evidence for welding of a block and ash pyroclastic flow deposit: the case of Cerro Bravo Volcano, Colombia

et al. 2019

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Cerro Bravo is an active composite volcano located in the San Diego-Cerro Machín Volcano-Tectonic Province (SCVTP), the northernmost volcanic chain in the Colombian Andes. Among the products associated with the volcano, there is a peculiar "indurated" deposit emplaced between 7 and 2.9 ka, which resembles a block and ash pyroclastic flow deposit. Through field observations, physical property analyses, petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we demonstrate that this induration is the result of welding processes. High density, deformed glassy fragments with a common orientation, low porosity, fiamme and sintering, are the most visible characteristics. The evidence indicates that welding reached up to rank IV in a I to VI classification scheme. We suggest that welding is associated with (1) high emplacement temperature related to the syneruptive destruction of a growing endogenous dome and (2) a low glass transition temperature related to the influence of upward water diffusion after emplacement of the flow over wet ground. Thus, with emplacement temperatures between 670 and 540 °C, and water contents between 0.5 and 1.2 wt%, the welding process was unusually efficient. Calculations made indicate that for the deposit to present the observed characteristics of welding, the emplacement temperature needed to exceed the threshold of the glass transition temperature for a time of 5-6 days and have an effective viscosity of 10 12 Pa s. As a result of the welding, the deposit decreased its thickness by between 15 and 7 m. This work contributes to the knowledge of welding processes and stresses the unusual occurrence of welding in this type of pyroclastic flow deposit which thus requires special emplacement conditions in terms of temperature and water content.

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Casabianca formation: a Colombian example of volcanism-induced aggradation in a fluvial basin

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Chapter 7

Chapter 7

Geomorphological Characteristics of the Ruiz Volcano and Surroundings

Evidence for welding of a block and ash pyroclastic flow deposit: the case of Cerro Bravo Volcano, Colombia

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