Caryotricha minuta (Xu et al., 2008) nov. comb., a unique marine ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), with phylogenetic analysis of the ambiguous genus Caryotricha inferred from the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence

Miao, Miao; Shao, Chen; Jiang, Jiamei; Li, Liqiong; Stoeck, Thorsten; Song, Weibo

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65855-0

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Since the monophyly of the Armophorea is questionable and the phylogenetic affinities are variable (Shin et al , 2000; Miao et al , 2009a,b; Vd’acny et al , 2010), we broadly sampled ciliophoran 18S sequences to include representatives of all recognized ciliate classes (Lynn, 2008). One hundred and ninety-five ciliate 18S rDNA sequences, including 44 armophorean sequences, were downloaded from the NCBI database (Table S1) and assembled for multiple alignment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past, the armophoreans were classified as heterotrichs based on their morphology (Corliss, 1979). However, phylogenetic analyses of the 18S-rDNA (Embley et al , 1995; Hirt et al , 1995; van Hoek et al , 1998; Shin et al , 2000; Affa’a et al , 2004; Gong et al , 2009; Miao et al , 2009a,b; Vd’acny et al , 2010) and of histone H4 and α-tubulin data (Israel et al , 2002; Katz et al , 2004) have all grouped these organisms outside the Heterotrichea Stein, 1859, and within the Intramacro-nucleata Lynn, 1996. Hence, Armophorea is now considered as a molecular class, sometimes referred to as a “riboclass”, for which morphological synapomorphies are unknown (Lynn, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phylogenetic affinities of the armorphoreans to other intramacronucleates remain unclear, with recent classifications suggesting an uncertain placement near the Spirotrichea Bütschli, 1889 or the Litostomatea Small & Lynn, 1981 (Riley and Katz, 2001; Cavalier-Smith, 2004; Lynn, 2008; Katz and Kovner, 2010); this uncertainty reflects divergent competing phylogenetic hypotheses (Shin et al , 2000; Gong et al , 2009; Miao et al , 2009a,b; Li et al , 2010; Vd’acny et al , 2010; Zhang et al , 2010; Lynn and Wright, 2013). In addition, the monophyly of armophoreans is sometimes rejected when 18S data of Caenomorpha are considered (Miao et al , 2009a,b; Lynn and Wright, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the monophyly of armophoreans is sometimes rejected when 18S data of Caenomorpha are considered (Miao et al , 2009a,b; Lynn and Wright, 2013). Statistical support for the branching pattern of armophoreans and the intervening taxa is also variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic study of Class Armophorea (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on 18S-rDNA data

2013

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The 18S rDNA phylogeny of Class Armophorea, a group of anaerobic ciliates, is proposed based on an analysis of 44 sequences (out of 195) retrieved from the NCBI/GenBank database. Emphasis was placed on the use of two nucleotide alignment criteria that involved variation in the gap-opening and gap-extension parameters and the use of rRNA secondary structure to orientate multiple-alignment. A sensitivity analysis of 76 data sets was run to assess the effect of variations in indel parameters on tree topologies. Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses were used to explore how different analytic frameworks influenced the resulting hypotheses. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the relationships among higher taxa of the Intramacronucleata were dependent upon how indels were determined during multiple-alignment of nucleotides. The phylogenetic analyses rejected the monophyly of the Armophorea most of the time and consistently indicated that the Metopidae and Nyctotheridae were related to the Litostomatea. There was no consensus on the placement of the Caenomorphidae, which could be a sister group of the Metopidae + Nyctorheridae, or could have diverged at the base of the Spirotrichea branch or the Intramacronucleata tree.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phylogenetic study of Class Armophorea (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on 18S-rDNA data

2013

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“…SSU rRNA coding regions were amplified by PCR according to Miao et al [13], using two primers complementary to the 5′ and 3′ termini of eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA genes [14]. The full-length PCR products were purified by agarose gel electrophoresis, cloned in the pUCm-T vector (Sangon, Toronto, ON, Canada), and sequenced on both strands by the Takara sequencing facility, Shanghai, China.…”

Section: Samples Dna Extraction and Amplification And Sequencing Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n.

Miao

Shao

Chen

et al. 2011

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids are possibly two of the most confused groups among hypotrichous/euplotid ciliates regarding their systematic position and phylogenetic relationships. The former were often regarded as related to euplotids while the latter, in the absence of molecular data, were mostly assigned to the urostylid-like hypotrichs. In the present work, the small subunit rRNA genes of several rarely observed discocephalid and pseudoamphisiellid genera were analyzed to obtain insights into the phylogenetic relationships of these highly ambiguous Spirotrichea. Four different tree reconstruction algorithms yielded nearly identical topologies, which indicated both groups belong to the same assemblage. This assemblage is clearly isolated as a deep-branching clade and invariably positioned between Euplotida and Hypotricha. The sister group relationship of the Pseudoamphisiellidae and Discocephalidae supports the previous suggestion that they might represent an ordinal taxon, the Discocephalida. Both morphological and morphogenetic features indicate that the pseudoamphisiellids should be placed in the order Discocephalida but as a sister group to other typical discocephalids. Thus we propose establishing a new suborder, Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n. The new taxon is diagnosed by the following characteristics: (i) two distantly separated midventral rows that are morphogenetically formed with an urostylid mode; (ii) absence of the "frontoterminal row", which is formed from the posterior-most frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage in all other typical urostylids; (iii) numerous caudal cirri that derive from each of the dorsal kinety anlagen; (iv) right marginal row that has a unique de novo origin; and (v) inhabiting periphytic communities. The validity of the suborder Pseudoamphisiellina is firmly supported by molecular data. Ciliophora, Discocephalida, Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n., new suborder, phylogeny, SSU rRNA gene Citation:Miao M, Shao C, Chen X M, et al. Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n

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Glycine Betaine and Ectoine Are the Major Compatible Solutes Used by Four Different Halophilic Heterotrophic Ciliates

et al. 2018

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One decisive factor controlling the distribution of organisms in their natural habitats is the cellular response to environmental factors. Compared to prokaryotes, our knowledge about salt adaptation strategies of microbial eukaryotes is very limited. We, here, used a recently introduced approach (implementing proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) to investigate the presence of compatible solutes in halophilic, heterotrophic ciliates. Therefore, we isolated four ciliates from solar salterns, which were identified as Cyclidium glaucoma, Euplotes sp., Fabrea salina, and Pseudocohnilembus persalinus based on their 18S rRNA gene signatures and electron microscopy. The results of H-NMR spectroscopy revealed that all four ciliates employ the "low-salt-in" strategy by accumulating glycine betaine and ectoine as main osmoprotectants. We recorded a linear increase of these compatible solutes with increasing salinity of the external medium. Ectoine in particular stands out as its use as compatible solute was thought to be exclusive to prokaryotes. However, our findings and those recently made on two other heterotroph species call for a re-evaluation of this notion. The observation of varying relative proportions of compatible solutes within the four ciliates points to slight differences in haloadaptive strategies by regulatory action of the ciliates. Based on this finding, we provide an explanatory hypothesis for the distribution of protistan diversity along salinity gradients.

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Caryotricha minuta (Xu et al., 2008) nov. comb., a unique marine ciliate (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotrichea), with phylogenetic analysis of the ambiguous genus Caryotricha inferred from the small-subunit rRNA gene sequence

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Phylogenetic study of Class Armophorea (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on 18S-rDNA data

Phylogenetic study of Class Armophorea (Alveolata, Ciliophora) based on 18S-rDNA data

Evolution of discocephalid ciliates: Molecular, morphological and ontogenetic data support a sister group of discocephalids and pseudoamphisiellids (Protozoa, Ciliophora) with establishment of a new suborder Pseudoamphisiellina subord. n.

Glycine Betaine and Ectoine Are the Major Compatible Solutes Used by Four Different Halophilic Heterotrophic Ciliates

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