Caryopsis Weight and Planting Depth of Blue Grama II. Emergence in Marginal Soil Moisture

Carren, C.J.; Wilson, A. D.; Cuany, R.L.

doi:10.2307/3899081

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In comparison, Roos and Quinn (1977) obtained 100‐caryopses weights ranging from 74.5 to 98.0 mg among plants from two young (2–3 yr) and two old (35–40 yr) little bluestem populations in New Jersey. The large amount of variation in caryopsis weight seen in this study indicates that selection for this trait can be effective with selection within or among plant collections, as indicated earlier by Wilson et al (1981) Native grasses can benefit from larger caryopses because this trait enhances seedling emergence and stand establishment (Carren et al, 1987a, 1987b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Seed Yield Variation in Blue Grama and Little Bluestem Plant Collections in Southern Manitoba, Canada

Phan

Smith

2000

Crop Science

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Inadequate seed supplies of adapted blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash.] cultivars limits the use of these two species in the northern Great Plains of Western Canada. This study examined variation in seed yield traits of 11 blue grama and 14 little bluestem plant collections obtained from southern Manitoba, Canada to facilitate development of improved germplasm of these species. Measurements of seed yield traits including harvested air‐dried biomass, culm number, seedhead number, seed yield, caryopsis weight, and kernel index were taken from randomized complete block spaced‐plant nurseries. Tests were conducted for 2 yr at Winnipeg and 1 yr at Carman, MB, Canada. Collections within both species differed significantly for all traits. Significant collection × year (Winnipeg) and collection × location interactions were present for biomass and seed yield, and many of the seed yield‐component traits. While significant, the interactions resulted in few changes in rank among collections. Generally, the most northern collection in both species showed earlier anthesis, produced less biomass, and had lower seed yield than more southern collections. These findings indicate that indigenous plant collections of blue grama and little bluestem show high levels of genetic diversity for biomass, seed yield, and seed yield components, which provide opportunity for development of adapted cultivars with enhanced forage and seed production capability for the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Seed Yield Variation in Blue Grama and Little Bluestem Plant Collections in Southern Manitoba, Canada

Phan

Smith

2000

Crop Science

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“…However, under the favorable moisture conditions of this experiment, deeper plantings were associated with decreased shoot weights and thereby root weights. A companion paper (Carren et al 1987) describes results under less favorable moisture conditions. increased as seed weight increased up to weight class 5 and then dropped off in class 6 (Table 4).…”

Section: Emergenee and Seedling Growth Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caryopsis Weight and Planting Depth of Blue Grama I. Morphology, Emergence, and Seedling Growth

Carren¹,

Wilson²,

Cuany³

et al. 1987

Journal of Range Management

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Blue grama [Bouteloua grads (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.] has been diicult to establish from seed on disturbed areas of the Central Plains. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of caryopsis weight, planting depth, and genetic variability on seedling emergence of blue grama. Two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse under favorable moisture conditions with 3 accessions and various combinations of caryopsis weight and planting depth. Measurements included rate of germination and emergence as an index, percentage emergence, shoot length, shoot weight, seminal root length, coleoptile length, subcoleoptile internode length and weight, adventitious root weight, and longest adventitious root length. The length of the subcoleoptile internode increased in response to greater planting depth but weight per unit length deereased. If this indicates a decrease in internode diameter it could decrease the rate of water transport through the internode. Deep plantings were not advantageous to emergence or seedling growth under favorable soil moisture conditions and caused a delay in emergence and decreased percentage emergence, shoot weight, and adventitious root weight. High crryopsisweight was associated with an increase in emergence, weight per unit length of the subcoleoptile internode, coleoptile length, shoot weight, and adventitious root weight. Therefore, high caryopsis weight is advantageous in the deep plnnting of blue grama seeds and allows seeds to be planted deeper to take advantage of moisture for germination and emergence.

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“…Under wet seedbed conditions, emergence of many grass species decreases with increased sowing depth (McKenzie et al, 1946;Mutz and Scifres, 1975;Cox and Martin, 1984;Fulbright et al, 1985;Carren et al, 1987a; De Alba-Avila and Cox, 1988;Newman and Moser, 1988). Under limited soil water conditions, however, seedling emergence may increase with depth of seed burial (Carren et al, 1987b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sowing Depth and Soil Water Effects on Seedling Emergence and Root Morphology of Three Warm‐Season Grasses

Roundy

Winkel²,

Cox

et al. 1993

Agronomy Journal

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Greater seed burial has been suggested as a way to increase the time of water availability to seeds and seedlings in revegetation of semiarid rangelands. The effects of sowing depth on seedling emergence and root development of ‘Vaughn’ side‐oats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], ‘A‐130‘ blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.), and ‘Cochise’ atherstone Iovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees × E. tricophora Coss. & Dur.) were measured in relation to water availability on a sandy loam soil in the greenhouse. Side‐oats grama and blue panic were sown at depths of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mm, while Cochise lovegrass was sown at 0, 5, 10, and 15 mm. Pots were subirrigated every 3 d, on Days 1 and 7 after sowing, or on Day 1 only. Soil water contents in the greenhouse were initially higher and decreased more rapidly than those of field seedbeds. Seedling emergence was generally highest from surface‐sown seeds and decreased with depth of sowing, possibly due to lack of aeration. All three warm‐season grasses elongated their subcoleoptile internodes to place the coleoptilar node and site of adventitious root initiation near the soil surface, regardless of sowing depth. Adventitious roots required 9 to 13 d of available water to initiate. Seminal root growth and depth were not increased with increased sowing depth. Seminal root elongation rates from 5.8 to 8.7 mm d−1 are not fast enough to stay ahead of a typical drying front of 15 to 20 mm d−1 during the summer rainy season on sandy loam soils in southern Arizona. Frequent rainfall is apparently necessary to permit adventitious root development and establishment of these species.

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Caryopsis Weight and Planting Depth of Blue Grama II. Emergence in Marginal Soil Moisture

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Seed Yield Variation in Blue Grama and Little Bluestem Plant Collections in Southern Manitoba, Canada

Seed Yield Variation in Blue Grama and Little Bluestem Plant Collections in Southern Manitoba, Canada

Caryopsis Weight and Planting Depth of Blue Grama I. Morphology, Emergence, and Seedling Growth

Sowing Depth and Soil Water Effects on Seedling Emergence and Root Morphology of Three Warm‐Season Grasses

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