Caryophyllidean tapeworms (Cestoda), Nearctic parasites of fish in Mexico, including description of a new species of Isoglaridacris and the first report of Khawia japonensis, an invasive parasite of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Abstract

The first survey of caryophyllidean tapeworms parasitising catostomid and cyprinid fish in Mexico is provided, including new host and geographical records. Isoglaridacris brevicollis n. sp. is described from the Nazas sucker, Catostomus nebuliferus Garman (type host), in Durango, C. bernardini Girard in Sonora, and Moxostoma austrinum Bean (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in Jalisco. The new species differs from congeners mainly in the shape of the scolex, which is rounded, and by the absence of a defined neck (distinct, often long in other congeners). Pseudoglaridacris confusa found in Ictiobus meridionalis (also a member of the family Catostomidae) from Oaxaca and Veracruz represents the southern-most report of species of this Nearctic genus. Three morphotypes of the holarctic Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 were found in two leuciscid fishes ( Notropis caliensis and N. nazas ) and in silverside Chirostoma sp. (Atherinidae). It is the first record of any caryophyllidean in atheriniform fish. The first record of Khawia japonensis (Yamaguti, 1934) (syn. K. iowensis Calentine et Ulmer, 1961), a parasite of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.), in Mexico represents another evidence of its invasive potential. The caryophyllidean fauna of Mexican freshwater fish is depauperate compared to that in the United States and Canada, which seems to be related to a much lower number of species of suckers (Catostomidae) occurring in Mexico, possibly also to the lower number of fish in the population.

Archigetes Leuckart, 1878 (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea): diversity of enigmatic fish tapeworms with monoxenic life cycles

“…He also examined four species of oligochaetes but only L. hoffmeisteri was infected, with the same results of experimental infections of oligochaetes. A similarly narrow host range was reported for A. sieboldi in North America [4,7], but a presumably conspecific tapeworm was found in Chirostoma humboldtianum from Mexico by Scholz and Pérez-Ponce de León [49]. The present record of A. iowensis in smallmouth buffalo, i.e., fish of a different family (Catostomidae), also challenges the abovementioned assumption about strict host specificity of these species at the level of fish definitive host.…”

“…Archigetes sieboldi and A. iowensis also occur in North America and their taxonomic status and biogeography are briefly discussed below. In addition to the three unidentified morphotypes of Archigetes recently reported from Mexico [49], another three new species found in catostomids from the southern USA are described below based on morphological and molecular data. Representative DNA sequences and phylogenetic relationships: Sequences of one individual from I. bubalus (US 260d/PBI-464) in Mississippi were provided by Scholz et al [50]: ssr DNA (GenBank Accession Nos.…”

“…The genus was for a long time represented in North America by only two species, A. iowensis Calentine, 1962, described from non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède [5], and A. sieboldi, reported from the same hosts [4]. Recently, Scholz and Pérez-Ponce de León [49] reported three morphotypes of Archigetes tapeworms, which may represent putative new species, from eastern shiners, Notropis spp. (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae), and silverside, Chirostoma humboldtianum (Valenciennes) (Atheriniformes: Atherinidae) in the Nearctic part of Mexico.…”

“…(Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae), and silverside, Chirostoma humboldtianum (Valenciennes) (Atheriniformes: Atherinidae) in the Nearctic part of Mexico. The latter fish is the first representative of the order Atheriniformes that has been reported as the host of caryophyllidean tapeworms [ 49 ].…”

“…Recent studies on North American caryophyllideans have revealed high diversity of these tapeworms, previously only partly described. Two new genera were erected and nine new species of the genera Biacetabulum Hunter, 1927, Promonobothrium Mackiewicz, 1968 and Isoglaridacris Mackiewicz, 1965 described [ 37 , 39 , 40 , 49 , 54 – 56 ]. In the present paper, three new species of the enigmatic Archigetes are described from catostomid fishes from the southern United States (USA).…”