Carvacrol: A Promising Environmentally Friendly Agent to Fight Seeds Damping-Off Diseases Induced by Fungal Species

Saghrouchni, Hamza; Barnossi, Azeddin El; Bourhia, Mohammed; Alzahrani, Abdulhakeem; Salamatullah, Ahmad Mohammad; Alyahya, Heba Khalil; Tahiri, Nour EL Houda; Imtara, Hamada; Var, İşıl

doi:10.3390/agronomy11050985

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In our study, spore germination, mycelia growth and aflatoxin production of A. flavus were significantly inhibited by CV. Similar results for the antifungal effect of CV were also found in Fusarium oxysporum , Neocosmospora solani and Microdochium nivale , and CV at a 0.2–0.4-mg/mL concentration also inhibited the spore germination in a dose-dependent manner [ 37 ]. In addition, CV also made the mycelia of A. flavus shrink and form a rough surface.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…CV is one of the potent monoterpenes that can be utilized to control fungal species [ 37 ]. In the present study, we determined the effectiveness of CV on inhibiting the growth of A. flavus both in the agar and liquid phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycerophospholipids were key components of the cellular lipid bilayer, and their fatty acid compositions have important effects on membrane characteristics, such as membrane fluidity, transport triacylglycerols and cholesterol in the body and the formation of lipid rafts [ 43 ]. The glycerophospholipid bilayer was an integral cell membrane structure that played an important role in protecting cellular components from external influences and maintaining internal cellular biological functions without interference [ 37 ]. At the same time, glycerophospholipid metabolism was essential to the cell membrane dynamics [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus

Wang

2021

Foods

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Aspergillus flavus is a common contaminant in grain, oil and their products. Its metabolite aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been proved to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to find possible antifungal substances to inhibit the growth and toxin production of Aspergillus flavus. Carvacrol (CV) was reported as a potent antifungal monoterpene derived from plants. In this paper, the antifungal effects and mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus were investigated. CV was shown good inhibition on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and the production of AFB1. CV used in concentrations ranging from 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited the germination of spores, mycelia growth and AFB1 production dose-dependently. To explore the antifungal mechanism of CV on Aspergillus flavus, we also detected the ergosterol content of Aspergillus flavus mycelia, employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe mycelia morphology and utilized Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to explore the lipidome profiles of Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that the production of ergosterol of mycelia was reduced as the CV treatment concentration increased. SEM photographs demonstrated a rough surface and a reduction in the thickness of hyphae in Aspergillus flavus treated with CV (200 µg/mL). In positive ion mode, 21 lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and 11 lipids were upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In negative ion mode, nine lipids of Aspergillus flavus mycelium were downregulated, and seven lipids upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In addition, the analysis of different lipid metabolic pathways between the control and 200-µg/mL CV-treated groups demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway related to CV treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus

Wang

2021

Foods

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“…The antimicrobial potential was assessed by use of the disc diffusion bioassay [ 80 , 81 ]. Briefly, 9 cm Petri dishes containing MHA and SBA were inoculated with 1 mL of fresh and adjusted microbial inoculum, and then the Petri dishes were dried for 10 min at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potencies of Chemically-Profiled Extract from Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy against Clinically-Pathogenic Microbial Strains

Alzahrani

2022

Molecules

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Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy, a medicinal plant endemic to North African Sahara, is widely employed in traditional herbal pharmacotherapy. In the present study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potencies of extract from the roots of Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy (RWA) against drug-resistant microbes were investigated. Briefly, RWA was obtained by maceration with hydro-ethanol and its compounds were identified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of RWA was determined by use of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of RWA was performed against drug-resistant pathogenic microbial strains of clinical importance by use of the disc diffusion agar and microdilution assays. Seven compounds were identified in RWA according to HPLC analysis, including cichoric acid, caffeic acid, apigenin, epicatechin, luteolin, quercetin, and p-catechic acid. RWA had excellent antioxidant potency with calculated values of 14.0 ± 0.8 µg/mL (DPPH), 0.37 ± 0.08 mg/mL (FRAP), 760 ± 10 mg AAE/g (TAC), and 81.4% (β-carotene). RWA demonstrated good antibacterial potential against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 15.24 ± 1.31 to 19.51 ± 0.74 mm, while all antibiotics used as drug references were infective, except for Oxacillin against S. aureus. Results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against bacteria showed that RWA had MIC values ranging from 2.13 to 4.83 mg/mL compared to drug references, which had values ranging from 0.031 ± 0.003 to 0.064 ± 0.009 mg/mL. Similarly, respectable antifungal potency was recorded against the fungal strains with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 25.65 ± 1.14 to 29.00 ± 1.51 mm compared to Fluconazole, used as a drug reference, which had values ranging from 31.69 ± 1.92 to 37.74 ± 1.34 mg/mL. Results of MIC assays against fungi showed that RWA had MIC values ranging from 2.84 ± 0.61 to 5.71 ± 0.54 mg/mL compared to drug references, which had values ranging from 2.52 ± 0.03 to 3.21 ± 0.04 mg/mL. According to these outcomes, RWA is considered a promising source of chemical compounds with potent biological properties that can be beneficial as natural antioxidants and formulate a valuable weapon in the fight against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microbes.

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“…The bioactive metabolites in the plant parts of certain species have been discovered to have a significant pesticidal value (Figure 2). While the pesticidal effects of purified metabolites are exploited in a variety of crops [52][53][54], we discovered very little research on tomatoes and chilli peppers. Smaili et al [25,26], in their study, used derivatives of the α-euphorbol, 31-norlanostenol, and lupeol acetate compounds isolated from the latex of different Euphorbia spp.…”

Section: Management Of Soil-borne Diseases In Tomato and Chillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Protectants in Combating Soil-Borne Fungal Infections in Tomato and Chilli

Arora

Sharma

Poczai

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fungal infections transmitted through the soil continue to pose a threat to a variety of horticultural and agricultural products, including tomato and chilli. The indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has resulted in a slew of unintended consequences for the surrounding ecosystem. To achieve sustainable productivity, experts have turned their attention to natural alternatives. Due to their biodegradability, varied mode of action, and minimal toxicity to non-target organisms, plant-derived protectants (PDPs) are being hailed as a superior replacement for plant pesticides. This review outlines PDPs’ critical functions (including formulations) in regulating soil-borne fungal diseases, keeping tomato and chilli pathogens in the spotlight. An in-depth examination of the impact of PDPs on pathogen activity will be a priority. Additionally, this review emphasises the advantages of the in silico approach over conventional approaches for screening plants’ secondary metabolites with target-specific fungicidal activity. Despite the recent advances in our understanding of the fungicidal capabilities of various PDPs, it is taking much longer for that information to be applied to commercially available pesticides. The restrictions to solving this issue can be lifted by breakthroughs in formulation technology, governmental support, and a willingness to pursue green alternatives among farmers and industries.

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Carvacrol: A Promising Environmentally Friendly Agent to Fight Seeds Damping-Off Diseases Induced by Fungal Species

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus

UHPLC-HRMS-Based Untargeted Lipidomics Reveal Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Carvacrol against Aspergillus flavus

Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potencies of Chemically-Profiled Extract from Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy against Clinically-Pathogenic Microbial Strains

Plant-Derived Protectants in Combating Soil-Borne Fungal Infections in Tomato and Chilli

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