Cartilage Tissue Engineering: The Role of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Novel Strategies

García-Carvajal, Zaira Y.; Garciadiego-Cázares, David; Parra-Cid, Carmen; Aguilar-Gaytán, R.; Velasquillo, Cristina; Ibarra, Clemente; Carmona, Javier

doi:10.5772/55917

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…Known markers were used to determine whether the spatial transcriptomics platform could correctly localize gene expression ( Figure 2 ). Acan is a highly specific chondrocyte marker localized to the soft callus that was used to preliminarily validate spatial localization of the platform [ 15 ]. Similarly, Col2a1 , a highly expressed marker of proliferative chondrocytes, was also well-localized to the soft callus as expected [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of the Murine Femoral Fracture Callus: A Preliminary Report

Jiang,

Caruana,

Back

et al. 2024

Cells

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Fracture callus formation is a dynamic stage of bone activity and repair with precise, spatially localized gene expression. Metastatic breast cancer impairs fracture healing by disrupting bone homeostasis and imparting an altered genomic profile. Previous sequencing techniques such as single-cell RNA and in situ hybridization are limited by missing spatial context and low throughput, respectively. We present a preliminary approach using the Visium CytAssist spatial transcriptomics platform to provide the first spatially intact characterization of genetic expression changes within an orthopedic model of impaired fracture healing. Tissue slides prepared from BALB/c mice with or without MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells were used. Both unsupervised clustering and histology-based annotations were performed to identify the hard callus, soft callus, and interzone for differential gene expression between the wild-type and pathological fracture model. The spatial transcriptomics platform successfully localized validated genes of the hard (Dmp1, Sost) and soft callus (Acan, Col2a1). The fibrous interzone was identified as a region of extensive genomic heterogeneity. MDA-MB-231 samples demonstrated downregulation of the critical bone matrix and structural regulators that may explain the weakened bone structure of pathological fractures. Spatial transcriptomics may represent a valuable tool in orthopedic research by providing temporal and spatial context.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of the Murine Femoral Fracture Callus: A Preliminary Report

Jiang,

Caruana,

Back

et al. 2024

Cells

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“…Articular cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that covers the ends of the bones in a joint and provides a smooth surface for joint movement, facilitating the transmission of mechanical loads and reducing the coefficient of friction [ 1 ]. However, the lack of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve tissue and the low number of cells in articular cartilage, result in a limited ability to regenerate cartilage [ 2 ]. Damage to cartilage and its degeneration often lead to osteoarthritis, a debilitating disease that affects millions of people worldwide [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Biphasic Hydrogel with Self-Healing Properties and a Continuous Layer Structure for Potential Application in Osteochondral Defect Repair

et al. 2023

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The treatment of osteochondral defects remains challenging due to the limited healing capacity of cartilage and the poor results of traditional methods. Inspired by the structure of natural articular cartilage, we have fabricated a biphasic osteochondral hydrogel scaffold using a Schiff base reaction and a free radical polymerization reaction. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), and polyacrylamide (PAM) formed a hydrogel (COP) as the cartilage layer, while hydroxyapatite (HAp) was incorporated into the COP hydrogel to obtain a hydrogel (COPH) as an subchondral bone layer. At the same time, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was incorporated into the COP hydrogel to obtain a hydrogel (COPH) as an osteochondral sublayer, combining the two to obtain an integrated scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering. Interlayer interpenetration through the continuity of the hydrogel substrate and good self-healing properties due to the dynamic imine bonding of the hydrogel resulted in enhanced interlayer bond strength. In addition, in vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility. It shows great potential for osteochondral tissue engineering applications.

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“…ECM is a complex three-dimensional (3D) biomolecular assembly of structural and functional proteins and proteoglycans organised in a tissue-specific pattern. In addition to providing structural framework, ECM is equipped with functional machinery that establishes a dynamic two-way communication between cells and their external microenvironment 14,15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decellularisation and characterisation of porcine pleura for lung tissue engineering

Vikranth

Dale

Forsyth

2023

Preprint

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Decellularisation offers a broad range of biomimetic scaffolds of allogeneic and xenogeneic origins, exhibiting innate tissue-specific characteristics. We explored a physico-chemical method for decellularising porcine pleural membranes (PPM) as potential tissue-engineered surrogates for lung tissue repair. Decellularised PPM (dPPM) was characterised with histology, quantitative assays, mechanical testing, and sterility evaluation. Cytotoxicity and recellularisation assays assessed the biocompatibility of dPPM. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining showed an evident reduction in nuclei in dPPM, confirmed with nuclear staining and analysis (****p < 0.0001). Sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and collagen histology demonstrated minimal disruption to the structural assembly of the core extracellular matrix (ECM) in dPPM. Confocal imaging demonstrated realignment of ECM fibres in dPPM against native control. Quantitative analysis defined a significant change in the angular distribution (****p < 0.0001) and coherence of fibre orientations (***p < 0.001) in dPPM versus native ECM. DNA quantification indicated ≥ 85% reduction in native nuclear dsDNA in dPPM (**p < 0.001). Collagen and sGAG quantification indicated reductions of both (**p < 0.001). dPPM displayed increased membrane thickness (*p < 0.05). However, the Youngs modulus (447.8 ± 41.9 kPa) and ultimate tensile strength (5080 ± 2034.5 kPa) of dPPM were comparable with that of native controls at (411.3 ± 8.1 kPa) and (3933.3 ± 1734.5), respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity and scaffold biocompatibility assays demonstrated robust human mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A) attachment and viability. Here, we define a decellularisation protocol for porcine pleura that represents a step forward in their potential application as bioscaffolds in lung tissue engineering.

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Cartilage Tissue Engineering: The Role of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and Novel Strategies

Cited by 10 publications

References 157 publications

Unique Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of the Murine Femoral Fracture Callus: A Preliminary Report

Unique Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of the Murine Femoral Fracture Callus: A Preliminary Report

A Biphasic Hydrogel with Self-Healing Properties and a Continuous Layer Structure for Potential Application in Osteochondral Defect Repair

Decellularisation and characterisation of porcine pleura for lung tissue engineering

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