Cartilage Tissue Engineering: the Application of Nanomaterials and Stem Cell Technology

Oseni, Adelola O.; Crowley, Claire; Boland, Maria Z.; Butler, Peter E. M.; Seifalian, Alexander M.

doi:10.5772/22453

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The auricle is composed of elastic cartilage which is essential for the skeletal framework [1]. Pinna cartilage provides shape, structural support, and shock absorption [2,3]. The symmetry of ear and facial ratio are considered for the cosmetic presence which deals with social stigma [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of human ear pinna using cartilage specific ink

Bhamare

Tardalkar

Parulekar³

et al. 2021

Biomed. Mater.

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Biofabrication of a complex structure such as ear pinna is not precise with currently available techniques. Auricular deformities (e.g. microtia) can cause physical, social as well as psychological impacts on a patient’s wellbeing. Currently available surgical techniques and transplantation methods have many limitations that can be overcome with the help of 3D bioprinting technology. Printable bioink enriched with cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis was done by digesting goat ear pinna cartilage and polymerized by adding polyvinyl alcohol and gelatine. Rheological analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used for the characterization of bioink to get desired viscosity and polymerization. Human ear pinna was printed using extrusion method and computer-aided design, stereolithography software which facilitated the automated printing in relatively less time without continuous monitoring. Thermal degradation of pinna was checked by thermal gravimetric analysis. Biodegradability and swelling of ear pinna were observed for understanding the nature of pinna and the impact of external factors. Reconstructed pinna’s biocompatibility was proved by in ovo and in vivo studies. The occurrence of angiogenesis in the grafted ear manifested the capacity of proliferation and engraftment of cartilage cells. Histology and SEM analysis revealed the recellularization and the synthesis of ECM components such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen in transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. The expression of CD90+ which indicated newly synthesized cartilage in the transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. The absence expression of CD14+ also indicated acceptance of xenogenic transplanted 3D printed ear pinna. Transplantation of 3D ear pinna was successful in an animal model and can be utilized as tissue engineered ear bank.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing of human ear pinna using cartilage specific ink

Bhamare

Tardalkar

Parulekar³

et al. 2021

Biomed. Mater.

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“…Cartilage is a connective tissue composed of chondrocytes and several extracellular matrices (ECMs), categorized into three types based on its compositions: hyaline cartilage at the articular surface of joints and in the nasal septum; elastic cartilage in the pinna, larynx, and epiglottis; and fibrocartilage in the intervertebral discs, sacroiliac joints, pubic symphysis, and costochondral joints (1). Chondrogenesis is a cellular process in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrogenic progenitors and their derivatives to form cartilage (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basement membrane extract potentiates the endochondral ossification phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage organoids

Notoh,

Yamasaki,

Suzuki

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Endochondral ossification is a developmental process in the skeletal system and bone marrow of vertebrates. During endochondral ossification, primitive cartilaginous anlages derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo vascular invasion and ossification.In vitroregeneration of endochondral ossification is beneficial for research on the skeletal system and bone marrow development as well as their clinical aspects. However, to achieve the regeneration of endochondral ossification, a stem cell-based artificial cartilage (cartilage organoid, Cart-Org) that possesses an endochondral ossification phenotype is required. Here, we modified a conventional 3D culture method to create stem cell-based Cart-Org by mixing it with a basement membrane extract (BME) and further characterized its chondrogenic and ossification properties. BME enlarged and matured the bone marrow MSC-based Cart-Orgs without any shape abnormalities. Histological analysis using Alcian blue staining showed that the production of cartilaginous extracellular matrices was enhanced in Cart-Org treated with BME. Transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that BME altered the gene expression pattern of Cart-Org to a dominant chondrogenic state. BME triggered the activation of the SMAD pathway and inhibition of the NK-κB pathway, which resulted in the upregulation ofSOX9,COL2A1, andACANin Cart-Org. BME also facilitated the upregulation of genes associated with hypertrophic chondrocytes (IHH,PTH1R,andCOL10A1) and ossification (SP7,ALPL, andMMP13). Our findings indicate that BME promotes cartilaginous maturation and further ossification of bone marrow MSC-based Cart-Org, suggesting that Cart-Org treated with BME possesses the phenotype of endochondral ossification.HighlightsBasement membrane extract (BME) enlarges MSC-based Cart-Org.BME activates the SMAD pathway and inhibits the NK-kB pathway of the Cart-Org.BME promotes cartilaginous maturation and further ossification of Cart-Org.

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“…As bioactive materials, natural materials encourage cell attachment and growth, are biodegradable, and support cell growth (5,6), Carbohydrate polymers including alginate, agarose, hyaluronan, and chitosan and protein matrices such as collagen and fibrin have been utilized in making implants and tissue scaffolds (3). Among them, fibrin has ideal characteristics and its precursor (fibrinogen) is obtained from accumulated plasma works as the natural wound-healing matrix (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clots and fibrin adhesives obtained from the reaction of fibrinogen and thrombin have been used in in-vivo studies, and after degradation, they were replaced by tissue ECM without any toxic degradation products (3). Similar to collagen, fibrin contains locations for cell attachment (7) and cells can connect to it through the integrin proteins (5) however like other natural materials, it has poor mechanical characteristics (5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biocompatible synthetic materials including Polyglycolic acid (PGA), Polylactic acid (PLA), Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone, polystyrene (PS), Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG), all received FDA approval and possess good biomechanical properties, ease of design, support cellular function and modulate host tissue biochemical properties (4,6). They have been widely used in medical applications for years, such as surgical sutures, growth-factor transfer, biosensors, and tissue engineering (4,5,(8)(9)(10)(11). Among them, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) possesses a controllable degradation rate than its homopolymers (8), and it could facilitate the attachment and growth of chondrocytes and improved extracellular matrix (ECM) production (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Mechanical Properties of the Composite Nanofibers by Changing the Composition of the Polymer Solution

Mohammadi¹,

Soltani²

2023

ijcsrr

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Composite nanofibers are suitable candidates for applications in biomedical engineering. The relationship and the balance between the structural-volumetric characteristics and the mechanical behavior of the nanofibrous composites have been proved but, in this study, we studied the pattern of such relationships between random and aligned nanofibrous composites made up of PLGA and fibrin. After evaluating the fibers’ morphology and the mats’ porosity, the relationship between these two features and the tensile strength of the mats was investigated. All mats exhibited relatively homogeneous fibers with higher fiber diameters for random fibers than the oriented ones (0.23 to 1.65 µm and 0.34 to 0.58 µm, respectively) and the diameter of the fibers decreased by fibrin percentage. The porosity proportions of the mats were in the range of 78.4% to 81.4% and random mats depicted higher porosity and interconnected pores. The mechanical features of the mats were compatible with natural tissues and the mechanical characteristics of the aligned mats were higher. In aligned mats, fibrin decreased the diameter of the fibers and the porosity proportion, limited the fiber’s thickness distribution, and increased the interconnectivity of the pores and all these factors led to lowering the tensile strength and the stiffness of the aligned mats. On the other hand, the porosity features of the random mats did not significantly change by fibrin, but fibrin lowered the diameter of the fibers and limited the fiber’s thickness distribution, and these two factors decreased the tensile strength and stiffness of the random mats.

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Cartilage Tissue Engineering: the Application of Nanomaterials and Stem Cell Technology

Cited by 9 publications

References 150 publications

3D printing of human ear pinna using cartilage specific ink

3D printing of human ear pinna using cartilage specific ink

Basement membrane extract potentiates the endochondral ossification phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based cartilage organoids

Tuning Mechanical Properties of the Composite Nanofibers by Changing the Composition of the Polymer Solution

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