Cartilage Tissue Engineering in Practice: Preclinical Trials, Clinical Applications, and Prospects

Zhang, Zhen; Mu, Yulei; Zhou, Huiqun; Hui-yuan, Yao; Wang, Dong‐An

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0190

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Although efforts had been made by plenty of researchers, very few materials could turn into effective biomedical products. Hence, the clinical transformation of a porous scaffold composed of biodegradable biomaterials for the regeneration of articular cartilage is still a challenge [63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage

Yu,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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Tissue engineering has emerged as an advanced strategy to regenerate various tissues using different raw materials, and thus it is desired to develop more approaches to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds to fit specific yet very useful raw materials such as biodegradable aliphatic polyester like poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Herein, a technique of “wet 3D printing” was developed based on a pneumatic extrusion 3D printer after we introduced a solidification bath into a 3D printing system to fabricate porous scaffolds. The room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions enabled by our wet 3D printing method is particularly meaningful for aliphatic polyester, which otherwise degrades at high temperature in classic fuse deposition modeling. As demonstration, we fabricated a bilayered porous scaffold consisted of PLGA and its mixture with hydroxyapatite (HAp) for regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Long-term in vitro and in vivo degradation tests of the scaffolds were carried out up to 36 weeks, which support the three-stage degradation process of the polyester porous scaffold and suggest faster degradation in vivo than in vitro. Animal experiments in a rabbit model of articular cartilage injury were conducted. The efficacy of the scaffolds in cartilage regeneration was verified through histological analysis, micro-CT and biomechanical tests, and the influence of scaffold structures (bilayer versus single layer) on in vivo tissue regeneration was examined. This study has illustrated that the wet 3D printing is an alternative approach to biofabricate tissue engineering porous scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage

Yu,

Wang,

Gao

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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“…These methods, while displaying varying degrees of success, underline the challenges that persist in both the technical and regulatory domains of CTE. A comprehensive approach to resolving these challenges would inevitably necessitate both rigorous preclinical trials and detailed clinical evaluations to assess the effectiveness of these therapeutic strategies [18]. Thus, the intricate fabric of CTE is woven from multiple disciplinary threads, including biology, materials science, and engineering technology.…”

Section: Mechanical Regulation and Thermal Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Challenges and Frontiers in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Jeyaraman,

Nallakumarasamy

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Cartilage tissue engineering has witnessed considerable advancements since its establishment in 1977, evolving from rudimentary surgical interventions to more nuanced biotechnological approaches. The field has navigated various challenges encompassing cellular considerations, scaffold material selection, environmental factors, and ethical and regulatory constraints. Innovations in cell source diversification, including chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been instrumental but not without their limitations, such as restricted cell proliferation and ethical dilemmas. Scaffold materials offer a unique dichotomy between natural substrates, which provide biocompatibility, and synthetic matrices, which grant mechanical integrity. However, translational hurdles in clinical applicability persist. Environmental factors, such as growth factors and thermal and mechanical forces, have been recognized as influential variables in cellular behavior and tissue maturation. Despite these strides, integration with host tissue remains a significant challenge, involving mechanical and immunological complexities. Looking forward, emerging technologies such as 3D and 4D printing, nanotechnology, and molecular therapies hold the promise of refining scaffold design and enhancing tissue regeneration. As the field continues to mature, a multidisciplinary approach encompassing thorough scientific investigation and collaboration is indispensable for overcoming existing challenges and realizing its full clinical potential.

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“…These constructs are meticulously designed to replicate the structural/compositional properties of native AC and provide an optimal environment for chondrocyte growth and ECM production [6]. Cartilage TE requires careful consideration regarding the scaffold material (natural or synthetic), scaffold type (e.g., 3D-printed structures, sponges, nanofibrous matrices, hydrogels), cell types (e.g., chondrocytes, MSCs) and growth factors/small molecules (e.g., transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), kartogenin) to include [14][15][16][17]. Besides their capacity to differentiate into chondrocytes, MSCs are a promising source for cartilage TE strategies due to their high availability for isolation from several human tissues (e.g., adipose tissue, bone marrow, synovial membrane, umbilical cord), high in vitro proliferation capacity, low immunogenicity and favorable immunomodulatory/trophic properties [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Porous PEGDA Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Gonella,

Domingues,

Miguel

et al. 2024

Gels

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Functional articular cartilage regeneration remains an unmet medical challenge, increasing the interest for innovative biomaterial-based tissue engineering (TE) strategies. Hydrogels, 3D macromolecular networks with hydrophilic groups, present articular cartilage-like features such as high water content and load-bearing capacity. In this study, 3D porous polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels were fabricated combining the gas foaming technique and a UV-based crosslinking strategy. The 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels were characterized in terms of their physical, structural and mechanical properties. Our results showed that the size of the hydrogel pores can be modulated by varying the initiator concentration. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels presented high biocompatibility both with human chondrocytes and osteoblast-like cells. Importantly, the 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels supported the viability and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (hBM-MSC)-based spheroids as demonstrated by the positive staining of typical cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) (glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)) and upregulation of chondrogenesis marker genes. Overall, the produced 3D porous PEGDA hydrogels presented cartilage-like mechanical properties and supported MSC spheroid chondrogenesis, highlighting their potential as suitable scaffolds for cartilage TE or disease modelling strategies.

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Cartilage Tissue Engineering in Practice: Preclinical Trials, Clinical Applications, and Prospects

Cited by 6 publications

References 207 publications

Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage

Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage

Critical Challenges and Frontiers in Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Fabrication and Characterization of Porous PEGDA Hydrogels for Articular Cartilage Regeneration

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