CART peptides as modulators of dopamine and psychostimulants and interactions with the mesolimbic dopaminergic system

Over the past decade or so, CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptides have emerged as major neurotransmitters and hormones. CART peptides are widely distributed in the CNS and are involved in regulating many processes, including food intake and the maintenance of body weight, reward and endocrine functions. Recent studies have produced a wealth of information about the location, regulation, processing and functions of CART peptides, but additional studies aimed at elucidating the physiological effects of the peptides and at characterizing the CART receptor(s) are needed to take advantage of possible therapeutic applications.

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“…Part a modified, with permission, from REF. 170 © (2008) Elsevier Science. Part b reproduced, with permission, from REF.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

CART peptides: regulators of body weight, reward and other functions

et al. 2008

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“…In the absence of CART peptide protein and receptor levels, one way to interprete the possible sex differences in CART peptide function in the NAc is to determine if there are any differences in the downstream targets of CART peptide in this region of the brain. Dopamine receptor-mediated actions in NAc output neurons are thought to be such downstream targets of CART peptide modulation of dopamine function (Hubert et al, 2008, Hubert et al, 2010). Again, as discussed in the previous paragraph, the lack of sex differences in the downstream targets of CART peptide (DA D1 and D2 receptor) may explain why we do not observe any sex differences in the effect of CART peptide on cocaine-mediated LMA in the NAc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide attenuates dopamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity in both male and female rats: Lack of sex differences

et al. 2014

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Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript peptide (CART peptide) is known for having an inhibitory effect on dopamine (DA)- and cocaine-mediated actions and is postulated to be a homeostatic, regulatory factor in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Some sex differences in cocaine-mediated LMA and in the expression and function of CART peptide have been reported. However, it is not known if the inhibitory effect of CART peptide on cocaine-mediated locomotor activity (LMA) is sexually dimorphic. In this study, the effect of CART 55-102 on LMA due to intra-NAc DA and i.p. cocaine were determined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The results show that CART 55-102 blunted or reduced both the DA- and cocaine-induced LMA in both males and females. In conclusion, CART peptide is effective in blunting DA- and cocaine-mediated LMA in both males and females.

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“…One of the validated targets, TRKB (NTRK2), has also been shown to increase in the NAc of rats after chronic cocaine self-administration (Graham et al 2009), and TRKB-BDNF signaling in the NAc may modulate behavioral responses to cocaine (Lobo et al 2010). Importantly, several other predicted targets have been implicated in various aspects of the cocaine response (Przew1ocka and Lasoń 1995;Hemby et al 2005;Hubert et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

microRNA-Seq reveals cocaine-regulated expression of striatal microRNAs

Eipper-Mains

Kiraly²,

Palakodeti³

et al. 2011

RNA

119

138

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that modulate gene expression by binding target mRNAs. The hundreds of miRNAs expressed in the brain are critical for synaptic development and plasticity. Drugs of abuse cause lasting changes in the limbic regions of the brain that process reward, and addiction is viewed as a form of aberrant neuroplasticity. Using next-generation sequencing, we cataloged miRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens and at striatal synapses in control and chronically cocainetreated mice. We identified cocaine-responsive miRNAs, synaptically enriched and depleted miRNA families, and confirmed cocaine-induced changes in protein expression for several predicted synaptic target genes. The miR-8 family, known for its roles in cancer, is highly enriched and cocaine regulated at striatal synapses, where its members may affect expression of cell adhesion molecules. Synaptically enriched cocaine-regulated miRNAs may contribute to long-lasting drug-induced plasticity through finetuning regulatory pathways that modulate the actin cytoskeleton, neurotransmitter metabolism, and peptide hormone processing.

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CART peptides as modulators of dopamine and psychostimulants and interactions with the mesolimbic dopaminergic system

Cited by 67 publications

References 60 publications

CART peptides: regulators of body weight, reward and other functions

CART peptides: regulators of body weight, reward and other functions

Cocaine-and-Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) peptide attenuates dopamine- and cocaine-mediated locomotor activity in both male and female rats: Lack of sex differences

microRNA-Seq reveals cocaine-regulated expression of striatal microRNAs

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