CARsomes inhibit airway allergic inflammation in mice by inducing antigen‐specific Th2 cell apoptosis

Akdiş

et al. 2020

Allergy

992

1,065

Section: Lymphopenia In T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID‐19

Akdiş

et al. 2020

Allergy

992

1,065

“…After intranasal administration of MSCs-Exo, the decrease in IgE, OVA-IgE, and histamine levels relieved the classic symptoms; the decrease in CCL-11 levels is linked to lower eosinophil in ltration; the change in ICAM-1 and Th2 cytokine levels is linked to reduced in ammation; and increased IFN-γ levels can stimulate the expression of IgG2a and inhibit the production of IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgE 29 , thus further exerting a therapeutic effect on AR. Many studies have also demonstrated that after intravenous treatment with different kinds of exosomes in an asthma mouse model, in ammation of lung tissues decreased, and Th2 cytokine and in ammatory cytokine levels were lower in serum and BALF [30][31][32] . All these results imply that intranasal delivery of MSCs-Exo has an effect similar to that of intravenous delivery to suppress allergic reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Modulates the Immune Response of Allergic Rhinitis via the MAPK Pathway in a Mouse Model

Yu¹,

Chen²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) is a non-infectious chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, which is mainly mediated by IgE after the body is exposed to allergens. It has been shown that transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into AR animal models can improve the AR behavioral phenotype. Furthermore, there are recent studies that states exosomes are the main mediators of MSC therapy. However, the effect of exosomes on AR has not been investigated.MethodsIn the established AR mouse model, different concentrations of MSC-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) were applied via intranasal delivery. The AR symptom scores, the eosinophils in the nasal mucosal section, the inflammation infiltration in the spleen section, and IgE, ovalbumin-specific IgE (OVA-sIgE), histamine, IgG1, IgG2a and other Th1/Th2 related inflammatory factors were evaluated by Hematoxylin–eosin staining, Elisa, real-time PCR.ResultsWe found that intranasal administration of MSCs-Exo could not only reduce the behavior of nasal scratching and sneezing in mice, but also cause a decline in related immune indicators via the MAPK pathway, including the spleen index, tissue staining, and the expression of inflammation-related cytokines. Moreover, we found that the optimal concentration of MSCs-Exo was 4×108/mL. ConclusionThe significant beneficial effects of exosomes may be exploited to develop a new, non-invasive treatment strategy for AR.

“…This has been explored through the development of EVs decorated with chimeric antigen receptors (CARsomes). CARsomes derived from dendritic cells were shown to induce apoptosis in antigen-specific T helper 2 (T h 2) cells and may be able to attenuate allergic airway inflammation [ 129 ]. Notably, T h 2 cells are thought to be drivers of the pathology seen in allergic asthma.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease

et al. 2021

Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris and devoid of biological function, are now recognized as key components in cell–cell communication. EVs are known to carry multiple factors derived from their cell of origin, including cytokines and chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, and surface molecules, that can alter the behavior of recipient cells. Since the cargo of EVs reflects their parental cells, EVs from damaged and dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance of information toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of various diseases and pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the role of EVs in the progression of cancer, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory lung diseases given the high prevalence of these conditions worldwide and the important role that intercellular communication between immune, parenchymal, and stromal cells plays in the development of these pathological states. We also consider the clinical applications of EVs, including the possibilities for their use as novel therapeutics.