Carryover effects of predation risk on postembryonic life-history stages in a freshwater shrimp

Ituarte, Romina B.; Vázquez, María Guadalupe; Sagrario, María de los Ángeles González; Spivak, Eduardo D.

doi:10.1016/j.zool.2013.09.004

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Carryover effects in organisms with complex life cycles have been found between the larval stage and the adult stage in many studies (Belen Ituarte et al., ; Fontana‐Bria et al., ; Garcia et al., ; Hagman et al., ; Sniegula, Janssens, & Stoks, ). However, few studies have focused on carry over effects of life history traits between early larval stages and late larval stages (but see Orizaola et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non‐lethal predator stress during one developmental stage is likely to carry over to another stage. Predation risk has been shown to carry over across life stages in amphibians and insects (Belen Ituarte, Guadalupe Vazquez, de los Angeles Gonzalez‐Sagrario, & Daniel Spivak, ; Fontana‐Bria et al., ; Garcia, Urbina, Bredeweg, & Ferrari, ; Hagman, Hayes, Capon, & Shine, ). The majority of these studies have focused on how effects in the larval stage affect the metamorphosed stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predation risk affects egg mortality and carry over effects in the larval stages in damselflies

2019

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The non‐consumptive predator effect may incur physiological costs that affect growth and development and ultimately survival. While studies have shown that the effect can affect development and growth in organisms with complex life cycles, we have limited knowledge on the effect in the egg and early larval stage. Here, we used a laboratory experiment to examine how the presence of chemical cues, a non‐consumptive predator effect, from an aquatic predator, perch, affected hatching success of larvae in three species of damselfly, Ischnura elegans, Coenagrion pulchellum, and Enallagma cyathigerum. In addition, we examined how exposure to predation risk in the early larval stages affected growth in the late larval stages of I. elegans. We found that the presence of chemical predator cues (1) increased egg mortality in all three species, (2) caused earlier hatching of eggs in one species, no change in a second species and a delay in egg hatching in a third species. We also found that predator cues have the potential to cause a carryover effect from early larval stages to late larval stages in terms of larval growth rate. The addition of non‐consumptive predator cues in the form of fish water caused higher algal growth than in the control experimental containers, and we suggest that this algal growth has the potential to confound predator stress cues. Our results show that the non‐consumptive predator effects affect survival and growth, and hence they have the potential to affect predator–prey dynamics in natural systems. Future studies on such effects in aquatic systems should consider confounding stressors, such as algae, fungi, oxygen, and nutrients levels, that might come with the addition of predation cues in water and thus add additional stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation risk affects egg mortality and carry over effects in the larval stages in damselflies

2019

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“…The prerequisites for evolution of inducible defenses include fluctuating predator conditions, the existence of a cue that reliably indicates the presence of the predator, the effectiveness of the defense, and finally, defense-associated costs that exceed the benefits in the absence of a threat (Tollrian and Harvell, 1999;Herzog et al, 2016). The longer rostrum and carapace length of larvae of P. argentinus, as observed in zoeae I from embryos exposed to conspecific alarm cues, were also seen in an experiment in which embryos developed in the presence of a predatory fish feeding on conspecific ovigerous females (Ituarte et al, 2014). That experiment, however, did not allow for discrimination between chemical and/or visual stimulus that elicited the observed morphological changes in the first-instar P. argentinus zoeae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The absence of phenotypic modification in the timing of hatching is not always indicative of no effect (e.g. Ituarte et al, 2014;Mandrillon and Saglio, 2008;Mueller, 2018). The larger size at hatching in response to conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues indicates that the embryos of P. argentinus could have recognized cues that are common to palaemonid shrimps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically-induced plasticity in early life history ofPalaemon argentinus: are chemical alarm cues conserved within palaemonid shrimps?

Ituarte

Vázquez

Bas

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Most aquatic animals use infochemicals from both conspecifics and heterospecifics to assess local predation risks and enhance predator detection. Released substances from injured conspecifics and other species (chemical alarm cues) are reliable cues to indicate an imminent danger in a specific habitat and often mediate the development of inducible defenses. Amphibian and fish embryos have been shown to acquire this information while at the embryonic stage of development, in relation to the developing nervous system and sensory development. With the exception of Daphnia, there is no information on chemically mediated responses to alarm cues in embryos of any crustacean groups. Therefore, we tested whether embryo exposure to chemical cues simulating predation on conspecifics or heterospecifics (closely related, non-coexisting species), or a mixture of both, alters embryonic developmental time, size and morphology of the first larval instar in Palaemon argentinus (Crustacea: Decapoda). Embryonic exposure to chemical alarm cues from conspecifics shortened the embryonic developmental time and elicited larger larvae with a longer rostrum. Rostrum length of the first larval instar changed independently of their size, thus elongated rostra can be considered a defensive feature. Embryonic developmental time was not altered by chemical alarm cues from either heterospecifics or the mixed cues treatment; however, exposure to these cues resulted in larger larvae compared with the control group. Chemically induced morphological plasticity in larvae in response to alarm cues from con-and heterospecifics suggests that such cues are conserved in palaemonids shrimps, providing embryos with an innate recognition of heterospecific alarm cues as predicted by the phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis.

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“…Perceived predation risk can affect both parent and offspring phenotype, but it is unclear to what extent offspring behavioral traits are affected when the mother is exposed to predation risk, particularly in bearing species that externally brooded embryos (e.g. Ituarte et al., 2014), where maternal effects could occur during embryogenesis (Cattelan et al., 2020; Sharda et al., 2021). Since we used a repeated exposure mode through the entire embryonic development, mother shrimp and/or their embryos could have learned (through habituation—the simplest form of nonassociative learning‐ and/or sensitization) that something that smelt or tasted familiar (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate responses to con‐ and heterospecific alarm chemicals in juveniles of a freshwater shrimp

et al. 2022

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Released substances from injured conspecifics and heterospecifics (alarm chemicals) often trigger inducible defenses (e.g., behavioral, morphological, and life‐history antipredator defenses). Although there are good reasons to assume that the detection of damage‐release chemicals may be inherited, immediate behaviors to alarm chemicals remain to be assessed in many aquatic taxa. This study examines changes in locomotor activity in juveniles of a freshwater shrimp, Palaemon argentinus, in response to (1) distilled water; (2) macerated adult conspecifics, and (3) macerated adult heterospecifics (a closely related, non‐coexisting species). We tested three sets of juveniles coming from (1) alarm cues‐unexposed mothers (naïve juveniles), (2) mothers exposed to macerated conspecifics, and (3) mothers exposed to macerated heterospecifics. Juveniles were tested for changes in locomotor activity before and after the addition of a corresponding stimulus. Locomotor activity of naïve juveniles decreased in response to con‐ and heterospecific stimuli, while it did not change in response to distilled‐water controls. Effect size, as Cohen's dRM (the standard mean difference between the pre‐ and the post‐stimulus period using the pooled standard deviation) indicated that the reduction in locomotor activity was strong in response to conspecific stimulus (dRM = −1.521), but it was moderate in response to heterospecific stimulus (dRM = −0.682). While the responses of naïve juveniles indicate an innate recognition of alarm substances, the responses to heterospecifics likely arise from the recognition of chemicals with a molecular structure partly conserved between related species, as predicted by the phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis. Furthermore, juveniles from treated mothers behaved differently than the naïve ones, suggesting that juvenile behavioral traits were modified through embryonic experience. As the embryonic exposure to alarm cues occurs during embryogenesis, we assume that the mothers have perceived these cues also, which might have caused part of the observed developmental effects.

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Carryover effects of predation risk on postembryonic life-history stages in a freshwater shrimp

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Predation risk affects egg mortality and carry over effects in the larval stages in damselflies

Predation risk affects egg mortality and carry over effects in the larval stages in damselflies

Chemically-induced plasticity in early life history ofPalaemon argentinus: are chemical alarm cues conserved within palaemonid shrimps?

Innate responses to con‐ and heterospecific alarm chemicals in juveniles of a freshwater shrimp

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