Carrying Passengers as a Risk Factor for Crashes Fatal to 16- and 17-Year-Old Drivers

Chen, Lihui

doi:10.1001/jama.283.12.1578

Cited by 415 publications

(281 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Also, young adults (16-20 years of age) are more likely to pursue aggressive driving acts when accompanied by other young adults (16-20 years of age and without any adult supervision). This is consistent with earlier studies indicating that 16-17 year old drivers, when traveling with teenage passengers, are more likely to be fatally injured if in a crash (Chen et al, 2000, Williams, 2003. These earlier studies have suggested that teenage passengers may distract 16-17 year old drivers as well as encourage young drivers to participate in aggressive acts.…”

Section: Environmental and Situational Factorssupporting

confidence: 92%

Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes

Paleti

Eluru

Bhat

2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

211

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Section: Environmental and Situational Factorssupporting

confidence: 92%

Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes

Paleti

Eluru

Bhat

2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

211

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“…BACKGROUND A number of studies have shown that passengers substantially increase the risk of a crash for a young, novice driver. In a seminal study, Chen, Baker, Braver, and Li (2000) demonstrated how each additional passenger produces an increase in the risk of a driver fatality. A 16-year-old driver is 86% more likely to be killed in a crash when carrying two passengers, and 182% more likely to be killed when carrying three or more passengers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 16-year-old driver is 86% more likely to be killed in a crash when carrying two passengers, and 182% more likely to be killed when carrying three or more passengers. Both male and female young drivers experience this increased risk (Chen et al, 2000;Doherty, Andrey, & MacGregor, 1998). Although crash risk is elevated when teenage drivers carry sameage peers, adult passengers reduce the risk of a crash for young, beginning drivers (Aldridge et al, 1999;Ouimet et al, 2010;Rice, Peek-Asa, & Kraus, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passengers' sex also appears to be related to young drivers' crash risk. Male passengers increase the risk of a crash, especially for young male drivers (Chen et al, 2000;Ouimet et al, 2010). Crash risk is even greater when teenage drivers carry passengers at nighttime compared to daytime (Chen et al, 2000;Doherty et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a concern given the synergistic effect of passengers and nighttime driving risk on young driver fatalities. Chen et al (2000) found that night driving roughly doubles the risk and carrying passengers nearly triples it. The combination of both is associated with nearly a 6-fold increased risk of a 16-or 17-year-old driver fatality.…”

Section: Violations Of License Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Passengers on Teen Driver Behavior

Goodwin¹,

Foss²,

O’Brien³

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Type of Report andFinal ReportPeriod Covered Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes16. Abstract A number of studies have shown that passengers substantially increase the risk of crashes for young, novice drivers. This increased risk may result from distractions that young passengers create for drivers. Alternatively, the presence of passengers may increase the likelihood of teenage drivers engaging in explicitly risky behaviors, for example, by actively encouraging drivers to take risks. A better understanding of how transporting peers contributes to young driver increased crash risk will help develop strategies to reduce this risk. NHTSA analyzed data collected through an earlier naturalistic driving study (Goodwin, Foss, Margolis, & Waller, 2010). Over a 6-month study period, event-based data recorders collected 24,085 driving clips, of which 4,466 were selected for analysis. The sample included 52 drivers: 38 newly licensed teens and 14 high-school-age siblings.Risky driving behaviors by teenage drivers were more common while they were driving in the presence of teenage peers. Teenage drivers were twoand-a-half times more likely to engage in one or more potentially risky behaviors when driving with one teenage peer compared to when driving alone. When driving with multiple teenage peers the likelihood increased to 3 times. Some of the mechanisms commonly thought to explain the increased crash risk when carrying passengers were rare, such as instances of deliberate encouragement for the drivers to take risks. Rather, helpful statements on the part of passengers were 10 times more common than statements encouraging risk-taking behavior. These findings suggest the mere presence of peers may have influenced risky driving behaviors more than deliberate encouragement.Several potential distractions were common when teenage peers were present. Loud conversation was 5 times more likely and horseplay was 9 times more likely with multiple teenage passengers in the vehicle compared to when a parent/adult was present. Other distractions, such as loud music and electronic device use, were less common in the presence of passengers.This study had several limitations. First, teens may have changed their driving behavior because of the presence of the data recorders. Second, the sample was small, included a disproportionate percentage of females, and was overrepresented by families with higher-level educations and higher incomes. These sample characteristics suggest caution in generalizing the findings to teenage drivers broadly. A number of studies have shown that passengers substantially increase the risk of a crash for young, novice drivers. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which passengers influence teen driver behavior. The increased risk of a crash may result from distractions that young passengers inevitably create for drivers. Alternately, the presence of passengers may increase the likelihood of explicitly risky driving behaviors. Whether passengers actively encourage the driver to take risks -or ...

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Intoxicated Motor Vehicle Passengers

Schermer

Qualls²,

Brown³

et al. 2001

Arch Surg

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Carrying Passengers as a Risk Factor for Crashes Fatal to 16- and 17-Year-Old Drivers

Abstract: Our data indicate that the risk of fatal injury for a 16- or 17-year-old driver increases with the number of passengers. This result supports inclusion of restrictions on carrying passengers in graduated licensing systems for young drivers.

Cited by 415 publications

References 8 publications

Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes

Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes

The Effect of Passengers on Teen Driver Behavior

Intoxicated Motor Vehicle Passengers

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