Carrying and Washing of Grass Roots by Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques at Katsuyama

Nakamichi, Masayuki; Kato, Eiko; Kojima, Yasuo; Itoigawa, Naosuke

doi:10.1159/000021561

Cited by 92 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Intraspecific foraging specialization is common (Goss-Custard & Ka1counis & Brigham, 1995;Kodha, 1994;McLaughlin, Grant & Kramer, 1992;Nakamichi et al, 1998;Swennen et al, 1983) and can persist through generations (Norton-Griffiths, 1967). Why and how are intraspecific differences in foraging strategies evolutionarily stable?…”

Section: 11ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other species exhibit individual foraging specialization and/or variation (Beauchamp, Giraldeau & Ennis, 1997;Kalko, 1995;Kodha, 1994;McLaughlin et al, 1992;Nakamichi et al, 1998) with differences as basic as sexual dimorphism affecting strategies available to individuals (Ka1counis & Brigham, 1995). Marine mammals also demonstrate the capacity for intraspecific foraging specialization .…”

Section: 11ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Nowacek¹

1999

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Odontocetes are assumed to use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but neither of these uses ofbiosonar has been conclusively demonstrated in free-ranging animals. Many bats are known to use echolocation throughout foraging sequences, changing the structure and timing of clicks as they progress towards prey capture. For odontocetes, however, we do not know enough about their foraging behavior to describe such sequences. To conduct detailed behavioral observations of any subject animal, the observer must be able to maintain continuous visual contact with the subject for a period commensurate with the duration of the behavior(s) of interest. Behavioral studies of cetaceans, which spend approximately 95% of their time below the water's surface, have been limited to sampling surface behavior except in special circumstances, e.g. clearwater environments, or with the use of technological tools. I addressed this limitation through development of an observation platform consisting of a remote controlled video camera suspended from a tethered airship with boat-based monitoring, adjustment, and recording of video. The system was used successfully to conduct continuous behavioral observations of bottlenose dolphins in the Sarasota Bay, FL area. This system allowed me to describe previously unreported foraging behaviors and elucidate functions for behaviors already defined but poorly understood. Dolphin foraging was modeled as a stage-structured sequence of behaviors, with the goal-directed feeding event occurring at the end of a series of search, encounter, and pursuit behaviors. The behaviors preceding a feeding event do not occur in a deterministic sequence, but are adaptive and plastic. A single-step transition analysis beginning with prey capture and receding in time has identified significant links between observed behaviors and demonstrated the stagestructured nature of dolphin foraging. Factors affecting the occurrence of specific behaviors and behavioral transitions include mesoscale habitat variation and individual preferences.The role of sound in foraging, especially echolocation, is less well understood than the behavioral component. Recent studies have explored the use of echolocation in captive odontocete foraging and presumed feeding in wild animals, but simultaneous, detailed behavioral and acoustic observations have eluded researchers. The current study 4 used two methods to obtain acoustic data. The overhead video system includes two towed hydrophones used to record 'ambient' sounds of dolphin foraging. The recordings are of the 'ambient' sounds because the source of the sounds, i.e. animal, could not be localized. Many focal follows, however, were conducted with single animals, and from these records the timing of echolocation and other sounds relative to the foraging sequence could be examined. The 'ambient' recordings revealed that single animals are much more vocal than animals in groups, both overall and during foraging. When not foraging, single animals vocalized at a rate similar to th...

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Section: 11ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 11ntroductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Nowacek¹

1999

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“…In this species the diffusion of several newly acquired behaviors has been investigated, such as the consumption of novel foods and novel food-processing techniques [Itani & Nishimura, 1973;Kawai et al, 1992;Leca et al, 2007b;Watanabe, 1989]. Most reported behavioral innovations in Japanese macaques occur in the artificial context of food provisioning [but see Nakamichi et al, 1998]. Provisioning has been used for decades by primatologists and monkey park managers throughout Japan to enhance visibility and habituation of the monkeys and to reduce crop-raiding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food provisioning and stone handling tradition in Japanese macaques: a comparative study of ten troops

Leca

Gunst

Huffman

2008

American J Primatol

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By addressing the influence of food provisioning on stone handling (SH), a behavioral tradition in Japanese macaques, this study contributes to the ongoing debate in cultural primatology by asking whether human intervention influences the emergence or propagation of behavioral traditions. SH is a form of object play consisting of the manipulation of stones by performing various behavioral patterns. We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of food provisioning affects the daily performance, form, and context of occurrence of SH by influencing a troop's feeding-related activity budget. We used a standardized observation procedure to investigate SH in ten troops of Japanese macaques. In troops provisioned several times a day, SH was more frequent, longer, and more prevalent during provisioning than nonprovisioning periods. These effects of provisioning were not significant in troops provisioned less frequently. SH was more frequently integrated with food-related activities in troops supplied with food several times a day than in the other troops. Food provisioning may be a key factor in the innovation and transformation phases of the SH tradition in Japanese macaques.

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“…Arguably the best known example of primate water use is the hot spring bathing of Macaca fuscata , used for thermoregulation in cold environments [Suzuki, 1965] Nakamichi et al, 1998;Watanabe, 1989Watanabe, , 1994Suzuki et al, 1990;Kawai, 1965;Suzuki, 1965 Murai, 2006: Onuma, 2002Boonratana, 2000;Yeager, 1991Yeager, , 1989Bennett and Sebastian, 1988;Galdikas, 1985;Salter et al, 1985;Kawabe and Mano, 1972 Breuer et al, 2005;Blake et al, 1995;Nishihara, 1995;Fay et al, 1989;Williamson et al, 1988;Schaller, 1963 Pan paniscus bonobo X X Bermejo et al, 1994;Uehara, 1990;Badrian and Malenky, 1984;Kano and Mulavwa, 1984;Susman, 1984 Pan troglodytes chimpanzee X X Matsusaka et al, 2006;Devos et al, 2002;Nishida, 1980;Angus, 1971 X indicates that behaviour has been observed; * indicates observation only in captive individuals. 279 Folia Primatol 2009;80:275-294 Hot spring bathing, in water up to 43 ° C, has been observed most often in this species on snowy days and in the early morning and has not been observed during the warm season.…”

Section: Thermoregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One obvious benefit of washing food is to remove dirt from the surface, and this appears to be a factor for both of these species. In a population of free-ranging M. fuscata from Katsuyama, grass roots were washed in fresh water to remove visible dirt before ingesting [Nakamichi et al, 1998]. However, washing terrestrial food in water would add a certain amount of minerals from the water in addition to cleaning dirt from the food item.…”

Section: Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Water Use in Primates

Kempf¹

2009

IJFP

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Aquatic resources are used extensively by many human populations but their role in the ecology of other primate species has been understudied. At least 10% of extant primates interact with aquatic environments, and a more complete understanding of these interactions is needed to get a complete view of primate behaviour. Five major factors appear to most strongly influence primate water use: thermoregulation, display behaviour, range, diet and predation. The ecological and evolutionary implications of these factors are discussed for extant primates as well as the possible influence of water on hominin evolution.

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Carrying and Washing of Grass Roots by Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques at Katsuyama

Cited by 92 publications

References 17 publications

Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Sound use, sequential behavior and ecology of foraging bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus

Food provisioning and stone handling tradition in Japanese macaques: a comparative study of ten troops

Patterns of Water Use in Primates

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