Carry-over of persistent organochlorine pesticides through placenta to fetus

Waliszewski, Stefan M.; Aguirre, A. A.; Infanzón, R. M.; Siliceo, José

doi:10.1590/s0036-36342000000500003

Cited by 83 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is apparent that, like PCBs and organochlorine pesticides (Covaci et al 2002;DeKoning and Karmaus 2000;Sala et al 2001;Waliszewski et al 2000), PBDEs cross the placenta into the fetal circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.

Mazdai

Dodder

Abernathy

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

393

279

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants in consumer goods, such as plastics, electronics, textiles, and construction material. PBDEs have been found in human milk, fat, and blood samples. Rodent studies indicate that PBDEs may be detrimental to neurodevelopment, possibly by lowering thyroid hormone concentrations in blood. In the present study, we determined concentrations of PBDEs and thyroid hormones in human fetal and maternal serum. Patients presenting in labor to Indiana University and Wishard Memorial County hospitals in Indianapolis, who were older than 18 years, were recruited to participate. Twelve paired samples of maternal and cord blood were obtained and analyzed using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry; thyroid hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Six congeners of PBDE were measured in maternal and fetal serum samples. The concentrations of total PBDEs found in maternal sera ranged from 15 to 580 ng/g lipid, and the concentrations found in fetal samples ranged from 14 to 460 ng/g lipid. Individual fetal blood concentrations did not differ from the corresponding maternal concentrations, indicating that measurement of maternal PBDE blood levels is useful in predicting fetal exposure; similarly, other reports have shown a high correlation between PBDE in mother's milk and fetal exposure. In accord with reports on other biologic samples, the tetrabrominated PBDE congener BDE-47 accounted for 53-64% of total PBDEs in the serum. The concentrations of PBDEs found in maternal and fetal serum samples were 20-106-fold higher than the levels reported previously in a similar population of Swedish mothers and infants. In this small sample, there was no apparent correlation between serum PBDEs and thyroid hormone concentrations. Our study shows that human fetuses in the United States may be exposed to relatively high levels of PBDEs. Further investigation is required to determine if these levels are specific to central Indiana and to assess the toxic potential of these exposure levels. Key words: brominated diphenyl ethers, cord blood, human, pregnancy, serum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal and fetal blood samples.

Mazdai

Dodder

Abernathy

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

393

279

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“…Consequently, lipid-normalized concentrations will be similar between different body compartments. Empirical measurements support this assumption (Darnerud et al 2010;Sapbamrer et al, 2008;Waliszewski et al, 2000Waliszewski et al, , 2001.…”

Section: Model Set-up and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Estimation of human body concentrations of DDT from indoor residual spraying for malaria control

Gyalpo

Fritsche

Bouwman

et al. 2012

Environmental Pollution

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Blood and breast milk samples from inhabitants living in dwellings treated with DDT in indoor residual spraying show high DDT levels. This is of concern since mothers transfer lipid-soluble contaminants such as DDT via breastfeeding to their children. We focused on DDT use in South Africa and used a pharmacokinetic model to identify the dominant DDT uptake routes (food vs. inhalation), to estimate DDT levels in human lipid tissue over the full lifetime of an individual, and to determine the amount of DDT transferred to children during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In particular, the effects of breastfeeding duration, parity, and the mother's age on the DDT concentrations of mother and infant were estimated. The model results suggest that primiparous mothers have greater DDT concentrations than multiparous mothers which lead to higher DDT exposure for their first-born children. Furthermore, DDT in the body mainly originates from diet (92-95%). Our modeled DDT levels reproduce the levels found in South African biomonitoring data within a factor of five or less.

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“…Similarly, the gestation product is exposed to DDT side effects because DDT is capable of the placental barrier cross-over. The mother-fetus transfer process has been documented in rodents and humans by the presence of the pesticide in serum and in fetal lipid-rich tissues; thus, the newborn possesses an initial burden of pesticides that depends on the burden sustained by his/her mother (You et al, 1999;Waliszewski et al, 2000). For this reason, chronic maternal exposure to organochlorine pesticides may lead to severe repercussions for newborn health, affecting his/her possibilities of achieving normal and complete development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%