Carrots, sticks and health behaviours: a framework for documenting the complexity of financial incentive interventions to change health behaviours

Adams, Jean; Giles, Emma L.; McColl, Elaine; Sniehotta, Falko F.

doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.848410

Cited by 148 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Within the narrative synthesis, interventions were described by using an existing framework. 22 Metaanalysis was considered for all 3 components. In the effectiveness component, 2 studies theoretically could have been meaningfully combined in a metaanalysis.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Financial incentives have been used to promote vaccination uptake but are not always viewed as acceptable. Quasimandatory policies, such as requiring vaccinations for school enrollment, are widely implemented in some countries. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, and economic costs and consequences of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory schemes for increasing the uptake of preschool vaccinations in high-income countries. METHODS: Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and time series analyses examining the effectiveness of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory schemes, as well as any empirical studies exploring acceptability. All included studies were screened for information on economic costs and consequences. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the quality of selected articles by using established instruments. Studies were synthesized in narrative reviews. RESULTS: Four studies on the effectiveness and 6 on the acceptability of parental financial incentives and quasimandatory interventions met the inclusion criteria. Only 1 study reported on costs and consequences. Studies of effectiveness had low risk of bias but displayed substantial heterogeneity in terms of interventions and methods. CONCLUSIONS: There was insufficient evidence to conclude whether these interventions were effective. Studies of acceptability suggested a preference, in settings where this already occurs, for incentives linking vaccinations to access to education. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on economic costs and consequences.

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Section: Synthesis Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…Health promoting financial incentives are complex interventions that can vary in at least nine domains (Adams et al, 2013). The design and delivery of HPFI, in part, contributed to whether they were perceived as acceptable or not.…”

Section: Theme 2: Design and Delivery Of Hpfimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Health promoting financial incentives (HPFI) are cash or cashlike rewards provided contingent on performance of healthy behaviours (Adams et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging uptake of healthy behaviours: A critical review using systematic methods

Giles

Robalino

Sniehotta

et al. 2015

Preventive Medicine

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ObjectiveFinancial incentives are effective in encouraging healthy behaviours, yet concerns about acceptability remain. We conducted a systematic review exploring acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging healthy behaviours. MethodDatabase, reference, and citation searches were conducted from the earliest available date to October 2014, to identify empirical studies and scholarly writing that: had an English language title, were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and explored acceptability of financial incentives for health behaviours in members of the public, potential recipients, potential practitioners or policy makers. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. ResultsEighty one papers were included: 59 pieces of scholarly writing and 22 empirical studies, primarily exploring acceptability to the public. Five themes were identified: fair exchange, design and delivery, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, recipients, and impact on individuals and wider society. Although there was consensus that if financial incentives are effective and cost effective they are likely to be considered acceptable, a number of other factors also influenced acceptability. ConclusionFinancial incentives tend to be acceptable to the public when they are effective and costeffective. Programmes that benefit recipients and wider society; are considered fair; and are delivered to individuals deemed appropriate are likely to be considered more acceptable.

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“…Financial health incentives are defined as rewards with monetary value contingent on the achievement of prespecified health behaviors or outcomes [12], such as rewarding people to walk more [13] or to lose weight [14]. According to behavioral economics, timely financial incentives leverage people's predictable tendency to act in favor of their immediate self-interest -a principal referred to as the "present bias" [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reduce the cost of incentive interventions and operate within fixed budgets several program features/reinforcement properties can be manipulated (e.g., size, immediacy, probability, timing, type of incentive) [11,12,26,27]. For example, by shortening the time between behavior and reward, so that rewards are delivered immediately after desired responses, the reward size needed to stimulate PA may be reduced [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Carrot Rewards app, a population-level incentive-based intervention promoting step counts across two Canadian provinces: a quasi-experimental study (Preprint)

Mitchell¹,

White²,

Lau³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Carrots, sticks and health behaviours: a framework for documenting the complexity of financial incentive interventions to change health behaviours

Abstract: Carrots, sticks and health behaviours: a framework for documenting the complexity of financial incentive interventions to change health behavioursTeesRep -Teesside's Research Repository

Cited by 148 publications

References 42 publications

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

Parental Financial Incentives for Increasing Preschool Vaccination Uptake: Systematic Review

Acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging uptake of healthy behaviours: A critical review using systematic methods

Evaluating the Carrot Rewards app, a population-level incentive-based intervention promoting step counts across two Canadian provinces: a quasi-experimental study (Preprint)

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