Carrier–envelope phase-tagged imaging of the controlled electron acceleration from SiO<sub>2</sub>nanospheres in intense few-cycle laser fields

Zherebtsov, Sergey; Süßmann, Frederik; Peltz, Christian; Plenge, J.; Betsch, K. J.; Znakovskaya, I.; Alnaser, A. S.; Johnson, Nora G.; Kübel, Matthias; Horn, Alexander; Mondes, V.; Gräf, Christina; Trushin, Sergei A.; Azzeer, Abdallah M.; Vrakking, Marc J. J.; Paulus, G. G.; Krausz, Ferenc; Rühl, E.; Fennel, Thomas; Kling, Matthias F.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/075010

Cited by 38 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This behavior is expected for the case, where charge interaction effects can either be neglected or contribute a constant enhancement factor to the cutoffs, similar to what has been observed for the photoemission from nanoparticles. 46 Following this argument, we can define a relation between the experimentally observed cutoff and the incident laser intensity as follows:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

et al. 2017

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Extreme nonlinear terahertz electro-optics in diamond for ultrafast pulse switching APL Photonics 2, 036106 (2017) Metal nanotip photoemitters have proven to be versatile in fundamental nanoplasmonics research and applications, including, e.g., the generation of ultrafast electron pulses, the adiabatic focusing of plasmons, and as light-triggered electron sources for microscopy. Here, we report the generation of high energy photoelectrons (up to 160 eV) in photoemission from single-crystalline nanowire tips in few-cycle, 750-nm laser fields at peak intensities of (2-7.3) × 10 12 W/cm 2 . Recording the carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-dependent photoemission from the nanowire tips allows us to identify rescattering contributions and also permits us to determine the high-energy cutoff of the electron spectra as a function of laser intensity. So far these types of experiments from metal nanotips have been limited to an emission regime with less than one electron per pulse. We detect up to 13 e/shot and given the limited detection efficiency, we expect up to a few ten times more electrons being emitted from the nanowire. Within the investigated intensity range, we find linear scaling of cutoff energies. The nonlinear scaling of electron count rates is consistent with tunneling photoemission occurring in the absence of significant charge interaction. The high electron energy gain is attributed to field-induced rescattering in the enhanced nanolocalized fields at the wires apex, where a strong CEP-modulation is indicative of the attosecond control of photoemission. © 2017 Author(s)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24,46 There, the electron emission leads to the creation of a positive charge localized at the surface, creating a trapping potential from which direct electrons cannot escape due to their low kinetic energy. Consequently, direct electrons are completely suppressed and there is a relatively clear asymmetry also at lower kinetic energies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

et al. 2017

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“…Experiments on dielectric SiO 2 nanospheres by Zherebtsov et al [46,47] in strong few-cycle laser fields illustrated the importance of charge interaction with respect to the electron acceleration mechanism. It was found that the highest kinetic energies in the rescattering plateau extend up to T cutoff ≈ 53U p , much higher than the expectation of T cutoff = 23U p , derived from the classical 10U p -cutoff formula and the field enhancement factor alone.…”

Section: Modifications By Collective Excitations/space Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The setup used in experiments on isolated dielectric nanospheres [47] is depicted in Figure 6.8. Single, isolated nanoparticles were injected by an aerodynamic lens system into the laser focal region inside a single-shot velocity-map imaging (VMI) spectrometer, operating at 1 kHz image acquisition rate.…”

Section: Cep-dependent Photoemission From Sio 2 Nanospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To emit a sufficient number of electrons from dielectric nanoparticles, few-cycle laser pulses with peak intensities in the bare focus (without field enhancement) of up to 3.5 × 10 13 W cm −2 were used [47,53]. In this intensity regime, significant charge interaction from multiple ionization is expected.…”

Section: Cep-dependent Photoemission From Sio 2 Nanospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nano‐Objects to Laser‐Driven Electron Accelerators

Süßmann

Kling

Hommelhoff

2014

Attosecond Nanophysics

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Electron emission from nano-objects, in particular from sharp tips, is not a new field at all. It is well known since the end of the 19th century that electrons can be extracted from a pointy wire if a voltage is applied to it [1]. Because of the lightning rod effect, this voltage translates into a large electric field right at the end of the wire, or better, at a tip-shaped wire. With a moderate voltage of a couple of hundred volts electric field strengths of more than a few gigavolt per meters can be reached at the tip's apex -if it is sharp and pointy. For typical metals, from these field strengths on an appreciable field emission current sets in. Fowler and Nordheim in 1928 were able to explain this effect with the newly established quantum mechanical tunneling, representing one of the first applications of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation [2][3][4]. Nowadays, field emission electron sources are employed in any high-resolution electron microscope because of their superb electron beam emission characteristics [5].Similar to the lightning rod effect with DC fields, an optical field is also enhanced at the tip's apex, as introduced in Chapter 3. Here we discuss what happens if this effect generates light intensities exceeding 10 11 W cm −2 right at the tip's apex. It is convenient from the experimenter's point of view that a simple laser oscillator suffices to do so, just because of the optical field enhancement effect. Numerical tools such as the finite-difference-time-domain method allow calculating typical field enhancement factors to around 3 … 10 for a light field with a wavelength of 800 nm polarized along the tip axis. Similar to the observations using DC fields, one can generally state that the sharper the tip the higher the field enhancement.The light field at the tip apex triggers electron emission and subsequent processes that are well known in atomic physics for decades already. These include above-threshold photoemission, strong-field effects, but also effects such as electron recollision and electronic matter wave interference in the time-energy domain.The setup for the tip-based experiments is shown in Figure 6.1. A sharp metal tip -most initial experiments were done with a tip made of tungsten or gold

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Attosecond Nanophysics

Süßmann

Stebbings

Zherebtsov

et al. 2014

Attosecond and XUV Physics

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IntroductionUltrafast control of electronic motion in isolated atoms with light fields has led to the birth of attosecond pulses [1,2]. Waveform-controlled, optical, few-cycle laser pulses are powerful tools to steer electrons on subfemtosecond timescales and have been successfully applied to control the electron emission from atoms [3] and the electron localization in molecules [4]. The realization of a similar level of control of the electron motion in nanocircuits has the potential to revolutionize modern electronics by enabling significantly higher computation and communication speeds [5,6].Worldwide communication relies on optical fiber networks. Data encoding and decoding, however, involves the transformation of photon-based information within the optical fibers to electronic information and vice versa and is thus the current bottleneck for ultrafast communication and information processing. Lightwavecontrolled nanocircuits (lightwave nanoelectronics) [7] are expected to reach petahertz operating frequencies which would remove the bottleneck in conventional communication technology by enabling all-optical data processing and communication. The key challenges on the way to lightwave nanoelectronics are (1) the control of electrodynamics in nanostructured materials on subcycle timescales and (2) the ability to monitor the resulting currents in nanostructured circuits with attosecond time and nanometer spatial resolution [6,[8][9][10][11]. The development and utilization of attosecond metrologies for the control and observation of ultrafast electron dynamics in nanosystems is therefore an issue with far-reaching implication. This chapter discusses selected key concepts and fundamental experiments in this area of attosecond nanophotonics.The central objective of attosecond nanophotonics is the utilization of the widely tunable optical properties of nanostructured materials. This idea, which has a long history, might be illustrated best by the special optical phenomena arising from small nanoparticles. Without deeper insight, already the makers of color-stained glass church windows in the middle ages used the properties of metallic nanoparAttosecond and XUV Physics, First Edition. Edited by Thomas Schultz and Marc Vrakking.

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Carrier–envelope phase-tagged imaging of the controlled electron acceleration from SiO₂nanospheres in intense few-cycle laser fields

Cited by 38 publications

References 48 publications

Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

From Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nano‐Objects to Laser‐Driven Electron Accelerators

Attosecond Nanophysics

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Carrier–envelope phase-tagged imaging of the controlled electron acceleration from SiO2nanospheres in intense few-cycle laser fields

Cited by 38 publications

References 48 publications

Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

Attosecond-controlled photoemission from metal nanowire tips in the few-electron regime

From Attosecond Control of Electrons at Nano‐Objects to Laser‐Driven Electron Accelerators

Attosecond Nanophysics

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Carrier–envelope phase-tagged imaging of the controlled electron acceleration from SiO₂nanospheres in intense few-cycle laser fields