Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010

Sáfadi, Marco Aurélio Palazzi; Carvalhanas, Telma Regina Marques Pinto; Lemos, Ana Paula; Gorla, Maria Cecília Outeiro; Salgado, Maristela Marques; Fukasawa, Lucila Okuyama; Gonçalves, Maria Gisele; Higa, Fábio Takenori; Brandileone, Maria Cristina C.; Sacchi, Cláudio Tavares; Ribeiro, Ana Freitas; Sato, Helena Keico; Bricks, Lúcia Ferro; Moraes, José Cássio de

doi:10.3201/eid2005.130948

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Carriage rates in adolescents, in a study performed 2 years after the initiation of the infant immunization program, showed a prevalence of 10%, where serogroups were identified, serogroup C was the most common (1.32%), followed by serogroups B (0.99%), E (0.74%), Y (0.49%), and W (0.25%) [37]. Although plain PSVs offered protection against disease, they did not prevent acquisition of carriage of MenC in the 2010 outbreaks [38], which is why only conjugate vaccines are now used to control outbreaks.…”

Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: The 2015 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting discussed the global importance of meningococcal disease (MD) and its continually changing epidemiology. Areas covered: Although recent vaccination programs have been successful in reducing incidence in many countries (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup [Men]C in Brazil, MenA in the African meningitis belt), new clones have emerged, causing outbreaks (e.g. MenW in South America, MenC in Nigeria and Niger). The importance of herd protection was highlighted, emphasizing the need for high vaccination uptake among those with the highest carriage rates, as was the need for boosters to maintain individual and herd protection following decline of immune response after primary immunization. Expert commentary: The GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease were updated to include a recommendation to enable access to whole-genome sequencing as for surveillance, guidance on strain typing to guide use of subcapsular vaccines, and recognition of the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

209

229

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“…This could be due to the short-term persistence of circulating antibodies and immune response quality. Conversely, MCC vaccination programs not only induced a stronger long-term protection, but also were able to prevent meningococcal carriage [82]. These findings support the use of MCC vaccine instead of polysaccharide A/C vaccine in case of MenC outbreaks.…”

Section: Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Only a limited number of studies have evaluated the putative effect of the vaccination campaign on meningococcal transmission in Brazil. A recent investigation conducted by Sáfadi et al [82] confirmed that meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccine did not affect MenC carriage or block meningococcal transmission to susceptible individuals. This could be due to the short-term persistence of circulating antibodies and immune response quality.…”

Section: Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In Latin America and the Caribbean, the monitoring of MD is conducted in several countries, such as Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Cuba and Uruguay [82]. A study conducted on 6955 isolates collected in Latin America and the Caribbean region, and especially from Brazil and Chile, reported that 69% of the isolates belonged to serogroup B [83].…”

Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potentially, all the MM cases could be prevented through serogroup C meningococcal vaccine [109]. In order to control these outbreaks in 2010 MCC and meningococcal A/C polysaccharide vaccines were introduced in routine vaccinations restricted to children <2 years old [82,109] and recommended for people ‡ 2 years of age [82], respectively. Any mass vaccination program involved adolescents [110].…”

Section: Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neisseria meningitidisinfection: who, when and where?

Gianchecchi

Torelli

Piccini

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative β-proteobacterium responsible for an endemic worldwide infection. The epidemiology and serogroup distribution can change very quickly. The incidence of meningitis infection varies from very rare to more than 1000 cases per 100,000 of the population yearly. The carriage of N. meningitidis, which represents an exclusive human commensal, is asymptomatic, but in rare cases bacteria proliferate in the CNS and rapidly lead to the death of the affected subjects. Host genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, can promote meningococcal disease, being able to influence the individual predisposition to the pathology. Although a reduction in meningococcal disease has been observed in Europe, a continuous surveillance is necessary to control any possible outbreaks of new hypervirulent clones into populations that could modify the epidemiology of meningococcal infections and the clinical spectrum of affected subjects.

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Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in Low and Middle Income Countries of the Americas and Asia: A Review of the Literature

2020

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Introduction: Meningococcal colonization, or carriage, can progress to invasive meningococcal disease, a serious public health concern, with rapid progression of disease and severe consequences if left untreated. Information on meningococcal carriage and epidemiology in low/middle income American and Asian countries remains sparse. These data are crucial to ensure that appropriate preventive strategies such as vaccination can be implemented in these regions. The goal of this study was to summarize the Neisseria meningitidis carriage literature in low and middle income countries of the Americas and Asia. Methods: Target countries were categorized as low and middle income according to the International Monetary Fund classification of low income/developing economies and middle income/emerging market economies, respectively. A PubMed search identified Englishlanguage publications that examined carriage in these countries. Studies reporting the epidemiology of N. meningitidis carriage or assessing risk factors for carriage were included. Results: Fourteen studies from the Americas [Brazil (n = 7), Chile (n = 3), and Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, and Paraguay (n = 1 each)] and nine from Asia [China (n = 2), India (n = 3), and Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, and Thailand (n = 1 each)] were identified; an additional Cuban study from the authors' files was also included. Studies were not identified in many target countries, and substantial diversity was observed among study methodologies, populations, and time periods, thereby limiting comparison between studies. The carriage rate in the Americas ranged from 1.6% to 9.9% and from 1.4% to 14.2% in Asia. Consistent risk factors for carriage were not identified. Conclusions: There is a lack of comprehensive and contemporary information on meningococcal carriage in low and medium income countries of the Americas and Asia. Future Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. 11962566.

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Carriage Rate and Effects of Vaccination after Outbreaks of Serogroup C Meningococcal Disease, Brazil, 2010

Abstract: Polysaccharide vaccine did not affect carriage nor interrupt transmission of an epidemic strain.

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Neisseria meningitidisinfection: who, when and where?

Carriage of Neisseria Meningitidis in Low and Middle Income Countries of the Americas and Asia: A Review of the Literature

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