Carriage of Clostridium difficile in free-living South American coati (Nasua nasua) in Brazil

Silva, Rodrigo; Almeida, Lara Ribeiro de; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto; Soares, Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães; Pereira, Pedro Henrique R.; Rupnik, Maja; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.09.012

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(ROLLAND et al, 1997). C. difficile has been reported in few other wild species, and it seems to be more common in synanthropic rodents and in captive animals under antibiotic therapy (SILVA et al, 2013;JARDINE et al, 2013;RODRIGUEZ-PALACIOS et al, 2013;HIMSWORTH et al, 2014;SILVA et al, 2014a;SILVA et al, 2014b). As this was not the case in the present study, the absence of C. difficile in the sampled animals was not a surprise.…”

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confidence: 40%

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Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

et al. 2017

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The importance of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile for most wild animal species remains unclear. This study aimed to isolate and genotype C. perfringens and C. difficile in stool samples from free-living and captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius and Sapajus libidinosus) in Brazil. Ten free-living S. flavius and 14 captive S. libidinosus were sampled for this study. To isolate C. difficile, stool samples were inoculated on plates containing cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar supplemented with horse blood and sodium taurocholate. Two different protocols for C. perfringens isolation were tested: direct plating onto selective agar and enrichment in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth followed by plating onto selective agar. C. difficile was not detected in the present study. The results were identical for both protocols tested for isolation of C. perfringens. Four samples (16.7%) were positive for C. perfringens type A, including one sample from a free-living animal (4.2%) and three from captive animals (12.5%), meaning there was no significant difference between these two groups. C. perfringens isolates were negative for all additional virulence factors evaluated, including enterotoxin encoding-gene (cpe) and beta-2 encoding-gene (cpb2). These results suggested that C. perfringens type A is found in the microbiota of capuchin monkeys, although it is less frequent than previously reported in domestic animals.

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confidence: 40%

“…The isolation of C. difficile was based on a previously reported protocol (SILVA et al, 2014a). Briefly, stool samples were inoculated on plates containing cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar supplemented with 7% horse blood and 0.1% sodium taurocholate (Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

et al. 2017

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“…Although the ribotype 053 of C. difficile is not commonly described in the literature, two recent studies performed in Brazil isolated the NTCD strains ribotype 053 in coatis (Nasua nasua) and wild carnivores, confirming the presence of this ribotype in different species in the country (SILVA et al, 2014b;SILVA et al, 2014c). The NTCD strains of ribotype 009 have been isolated in studies with humans and healthy animals in different geographic regions (KEEL et al, 2007;KOENE et al, 2011;JANEZIC et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

et al. 2016

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“…Although data regarding the intestinal carriage of C. difficile in wild animals are very limited, there is some evidence in the literature that indicates a prevalence similar to that in companion species. The presence of C. difficile has been previously reported in rodents and birds living near farms (Andres‐Lasheras et al, ) and in a few other wild animals with a prevalence of up to 6.5% (Silva, Ribeiro de Almeida, et al, and Silva, D'Elia, et al, ; Jardine, Reid‐Smith, Rousseau, & Weese, ). However, a further study reported zero prevalence of C. difficile in wild passerine birds (Bandelj et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Seasonality ofClostridium difficilein the natural environment

Rodríguez

Bouchafa

Soumillion

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Clostridium difficile is considered the leading cause of antibiotic‐associated disease worldwide. In the past decade, a large number of studies have focused on identifying the main sources of contamination in order to elucidate the complete life cycle of the infection. Hospitals, animals and retail foods have been considered as potential vectors. However, the prevalence of C. difficile in these types of samples was found to be rather low, suggesting that other contamination routes must exist. This study explores the presence of C. difficile in the natural environment and the seasonal dynamics of the bacterium. C. difficile was isolated from a total of 45 samples out of 112 collected (40.2%) on 56 sampling points. A total of 17 points were positive only during the winter sampling (30.4%), 10 were positive only during the summer sampling (17.9%) and 9 sampling points (16.1%) were positive in both summer sampling and winter sampling. Spore counts in soil samples ranged between 50 and 250 cfu/g for 24.4% of the positive samples, with the highest concentrations detected in samples collected in the forest during winter campaign (200–250 cfu/g). A total of 17 different PCR ribotypes were identified, and 15 of them had the genes coding for toxins A and B. Most of those ribotypes had not previously been found or had been isolated only sporadically (<1% of samples) from hospitals in Belgium. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, most of the resistant strains were found during the summer campaign. These findings bear out that C. difficile is present in the natural environment, where the bacterium undergoes seasonal variations.

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Carriage of Clostridium difficile in free-living South American coati (Nasua nasua) in Brazil

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

Seasonality ofClostridium difficilein the natural environment

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