Carriage of Blastocystis spp. in travellers - A prospective longitudinal study

Hattem, Jarne M. van; Arcilla, Maris S; Schultsz, Constance; Bootsma, Martin; Verhaar, Nienke; Rebers, Sjoerd; Goorhuis, Abraham; Grobusch, Martin P.; Penders, John; Jong, Menno D. de; Gool, Tom van; Bart, Aldert; Genderen, Perry J.J. van; Melles∗, Damian C.; Molhoek, Nicky; Lashof, Astrid M Oude; Stobberingh, Ellen E.; Verbrugh, Henri A.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.06.005

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…S2 ). In agreement with recent studies ( 36 , 37 ), we observed that a total of 30% of healthy subjects were colonized by the anaerobic gut protozoon Blastocystis hominis or Dientamoeba fragilis , yet these protozoa were undetectable following antibiotic administration ( Table S2 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Phocine herpesvirus (PhoHV) DNA was added to all samples as an internal control for extraction and amplification efficiency. The presence of Giardia lamblia , Cryptosporidium parvum , Entamoeba histolytica , Blastocystis hominis , and Dientamoeba fragilis was assessed by real-time PCR targeting the small-subunit rRNA gene ( 37 ). Positive controls consisting of a plasmid containing the target sequence were included in every run, as were negative extraction controls and negative PCR controls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness

et al. 2021

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Bacterial microbiota play a critical role in mediating local and systemic immunity, and shifts in these microbial communities have been linked to impaired outcomes in critical illness. Emerging data indicate that other intestinal organisms, including bacteriophages, viruses of eukaryotes, fungi, and protozoa, are closely interlinked with the bacterial microbiota and their host, yet their collective role during antibiotic perturbation and critical illness remains to be elucidated. We employed multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) to systematically integrate the bacterial (16S rRNA), fungal (intergenic transcribed spacer 1 rRNA), and viral (virus discovery next-generation sequencing) components of the intestinal microbiota of 33 critically ill patients with and without sepsis and 13 healthy volunteers. In addition, we quantified the absolute abundances of bacteria and fungi using 16S and 18S rRNA PCRs and characterized the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate, and propionate using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We observe that a loss of the anaerobic intestinal environment is directly correlated with an overgrowth of aerobic pathobionts and their corresponding bacteriophages as well as an absolute enrichment of opportunistic yeasts capable of causing invasive disease. We also observed a strong depletion of SCFAs in both disease states, which was associated with an increased absolute abundance of fungi with respect to bacteria. Therefore, these findings illustrate the complexity of transkingdom changes following disruption of the intestinal bacterial microbiome. IMPORTANCE While numerous studies have characterized antibiotic-induced disruptions of the bacterial microbiome, few studies describe how these disruptions impact the composition of other kingdoms such as viruses, fungi, and protozoa. To address this knowledge gap, we employed MOFA to systematically integrate viral, fungal, and bacterial sequence data from critically ill patients (with and without sepsis) and healthy volunteers, both prior to and following exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. In doing so, we show that modulation of the bacterial component of the microbiome has implications extending beyond this kingdom alone, enabling the overgrowth of potentially invasive fungi and viruses. While numerous preclinical studies have described similar findings in vitro, we confirm these observations in humans using an integrative analytic approach. These findings underscore the potential value of multi-omics data integration tools in interrogating how different components of the microbiota contribute to disease states. In addition, our findings suggest that there is value in further studying potential adjunctive therapies using anaerobic bacteria or SCFAs to reduce fungal expansion after antibiotic exposure, which could ultimately lead to improved outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness

et al. 2021

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“…Some studies report a significant higher occurrence of ST1 in individuals traveling outside of Europe (Bart et al, 2013 ; Rudzińska et al, 2019 ), however, we found no such correlation. Traveling outside the Europe is also often correlated with the occurrence of “avian” subtypes ST6 and ST7 (e.g., Rudzińska et al, 2019 ; van Hattem et al, 2019 ), but we did not confirm this.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

A Study on the Prevalence and Subtype Diversity of the Intestinal Protist Blastocystis sp. in a Gut-Healthy Human Population in the Czech Republic

Lhotská

Jirků

Hložková

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Blastocystis sp. is a common intestinal protist colonizing the human intestine the prevalence of which varies across non-industrialized and industrialized countries. Its role in the human gut ecosystem remains unclear due to persisting gaps in knowledge of epidemiology and factors affecting gut colonization. Here, we aimed to expand the knowledge of the epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in the gut-healthy humans in one of the industrialized European countries, including the distribution of its subtypes, the correlation between its occurrence and several factors such as lifestyle, contact with animals, age, and sex. A total of 288 stool samples were obtained from asymptomatic individuals over the entire age-range and 136 samples from animals with which the volunteers were in frequent contact. All samples were examined in parallel by PCR and xenic in vitro culture. Blastocystis sp. was detected in samples from both human and non-human hosts. In humans, the overall prevalence was 24% and eight subtypes were found; in animals, the prevalence was 10%, and only five subtypes were detected. A higher incidence of Blastocystis sp. was observed in individuals (i) traveling outside Europe, (ii) in frequent contact with livestock, and (iii) over 50 years of age. We found no effect on gender on Blastocystis sp. colonization. Summary This study provides data on the prevalence and diversity of the gut protist Blastocystis sp. and its subtypes in a gut-healthy human population with emphasis on several factors such as contact with animals, lifestyle, age, and gender.

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“…in 15.3% of Polish military personnel returning from peacekeeping missions in Iraq and Afghanistan. A prospective, multi-center COMBAT study among Dutch travelers in 2001 [ 85 ] showed Blastocystis spp. infection in 36.3% of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women

et al. 2021

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Background Blastocystis spp. are considered pathogenic or commensal organisms, although the majority of researchers suggest that these are neglected pathogens. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women, with respect to socio-demographic (age and place of residence), and epidemiological factors, as well as drinking tap water, contact with domestic animals, traveling abroad, health status, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the objective was to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of Blastocystis spp. infected and uninfected women. Methods The study included 425 women aged 45–60. Their stool samples were examined microscopically and analyzed by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR). Results Blastocystis spp. were detected in 6.1% of pre- and perimenopausal women. Molecular analysis of the stool samples identified seven Blastocystis subtypes (ST1–ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9). Blastocystis subtypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent. The presence of Blastocystis spp. was not significantly related to socio-demographic and epidemiological factors. There were also no significant associations between Blastocystis spp. and blood parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion This study complements the limited available data on the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women. It is also the first report showing the presence of Blastocystis subtype 9 in Poland.

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Carriage of Blastocystis spp. in travellers - A prospective longitudinal study

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness

Integrative Transkingdom Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Antibiotic Perturbation and Critical Illness

A Study on the Prevalence and Subtype Diversity of the Intestinal Protist Blastocystis sp. in a Gut-Healthy Human Population in the Czech Republic

Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women

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