Carrageenans of species of Eucheuma J. Agardh and Kappaphycus Doty (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta)

Santos, Gertrudes A.

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(89)90091-0

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…30% w/w) was less than that of typical i-carrageenan (ca. 35% w/w from Eucheuma species, Santos 1989). Minor amounts of 4-linked Gal/?-2,6-bisulphate (the putative precursor residue of AnGal-2-sulphate) were detected as 2,4,6-linked Gal/?…”

Section: Linkage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Australian Red Algae of the Family Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): Highly Methylated Carrageenans from the Genus Rhabdonia

Chiovitti¹,

Liao²,

Kraft³

et al. 1996

Botanica Marina

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The hot water-soluble polysaccharides from RJiabdonia coccinea and R. verticillata were characterised by a combination of constituent sugar analysis, sulphate and pyruvate content assays, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, linkage analysis, and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These revealed unique polysaccharides belonging to the red algal galactan family. The polysaccharides had IR spectra resembling that of icarrageenan, but were rich in 6-0-methylgalactose (ca. 31 mol% and 17mol% for R. coccinea and R. verticillata, respectively). Data from 13 C-NMR spectroscopy provided evidence that the polysaccharides were carrageenans rather than agarocolloids. The preparations contained mainly ι-carrageenan, partially methylated at C(O)6 of the 3-linked galactose residue. The polysaccharide from R. verticillata also contained significant quantities of 3-0-methylgalactose and pyruvate. The unusual sugar 3-0-methylgalactose occurred primarily as main-chain 4-linked residues, with a small proportion in the form of terminal residues. Other structural variations occurred in the polysaccharides of both species. IntroductionThe phycocolloids from red algae are variously substituted galactans which form the dominant components of the matrix phase of algal cell walls (see Craigie 1990 for a review). The gelling and thickening properties and protein-reactivity of these phycocolloids have led to their widespread commercial use in industry (Glicksman 1987, Stanley 1990, Selby and Whistler 1993, Therkelsen 1993. The chemistry of red algal galactans has also been used to supplement classical criteria, such as morphology, anatomy, and life history studies, in the formulation of taxonomic hypotheses (e. g. Gabrielson and Garbary 1986, Doty 1989, Liao et al 1993, Chiovitti et al 1995.The galactans from red algae consist of repeating disaccharide units of alternating β-1,3-and a-1,4-linked galactopyranosyl residues. The disaccharide units are variously substituted with sulphate ester, methyl ether, pyruvate acetal, or single glycosyl side branches and the 4-linked galactose residue may be converted into 3,6-anhydrogalactose. There are two main classes of these galactans, the agars and the carrageenans. In ag rs, the 44inked residue is in the Lconfiguration, whereas in carrageenans, it is in the Dconfiguration. The 3-linked residue is in the D-configuration in both classes of galactan. Carrageenans are typically more sulphated than agars, and idealised carrageenan types (e. g. κ-, ι-, °1-) have traditionally been defined according to their sulphate substitution pattern and their 3,6-anhydrogalactose content. By contrast, agars typically contain significant amounts of methyl ether or pyruvate acetal substitution (Craigie 1990). The type and amount of substitution modify solution properties of red algal polysaccharides , Arnott et al 1974, Guiseley 1987.The Australian coastline is rich in both its abundance and diversity of red algae, but their phycocolloids have not been extensively studied. We are currently undertaking a progr...

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Section: Linkage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To a significant extent, the reduced sulphate content of the polysaccharide from R. verticillata (ca. 27% w/w), compared to that of typical i-carrageenan (Santos 1989), was probably due to the presence of unsulphated, 4-linked 3-MeGal/? and Gal/?…”

Section: Linkage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Australian Red Algae of the Family Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): Highly Methylated Carrageenans from the Genus Rhabdonia

Chiovitti¹,

Liao²,

Kraft³

et al. 1996

Botanica Marina

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“…They consist of alternating 3-linked beta-D-galactose (G units) and 4-linked alpha-D-galactose (D units) or 4-linked 3, 6-anhydro-D-galactose (An units). Carrageenan can be divided into different types depending on the number and position of sulfate groups giving the economically important kappa-(An-G4S), iota-(An2S-G4S) and lambda-(D2, 6S-G2S) carrageenan (Ji, 1997;Santos, 1989;Mclean & Williamson, 1979). Analysis of their structures can be performed by acidic hydrolysis, developed methods based on reductive hydrolysis, 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS (electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry) or MALDI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted ultraviolet laserdesorption ionization and electrospray-ionization timeof flight mass spectrometry) (Rochas & Heyraud, 1981;Mendoza et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2002;Velde et al, 2002;Knutsen & Grasdalen, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharide fraction from Kappaphycus striatum

Yuan

Song

2005

J Appl Phycol

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Oligosaccharides were prepared through mild hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of kappa-carrageenan from Kappaphycus striatum to compare the antitumor activity with carrageenan polysaccharides. Oligosaccharide fractions were isolated by gel permeation chromatography and the structure of fraction 1 (F1) was studied by using negative-ion electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectrometry. The in vitro antitumor effects in three human neoplastic cell lines (KB, BGC, and Hela) of polysaccharides and F1 were investigated. The bioassay results showed that F1 exhibited relatively higher antitumor activity against the three cancer cells than polysaccharides.

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“…belonging to sections Gelatiformia or Anaxiferae) might diverge with, or more basally in the rDNA tree than, K. alvarezii. Santos (1989) has already suggested, based on comparison of carrageenan characteristics, that two members of section Gelatiformia, E. platycladum Schmitz and E. odontophorum Birg, might better be placed in genus Kappaphycus. This can be resolved by substantial additional sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of the distinguishing features of Kappaphycus is the production of kappa carrageenan, in contrast to iota and(or) other carrageenans in Eucheuma. However, Santos (1989) demonstrated that some members of Doty and Norris's section Gelatiformia yield mostly kappa carrageenan, while others yield only iota. The systematics of Eucheumatoideae endemic to regions other than Southeast Asia has also been reinvestigated: Cheney (1988) reviewed Eucheuma of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean regions and concluded that only one species (E. isiforme) with two varieties is present in the Florida-Caribbean basin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Relationships among Eucheuma denticulatum, Eucheuma isiforme and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) based on nuclear ssu-rRNA gene sequences

Lluisma

Ragan

1995

J Appl Phycol

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The nuclear genes encoding small-subunit ribosomal RNAs (ssu-rDNAs) of the carrageenophytes Eucheuma denticulatum, E. isiforme and Kappaphycus alvarezii were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. The sequences range from 1767 (K alvarezii) to 1781 (E. isiforme) nucleotides in length, and have guanine+ cytosine contents between 51.2% (E. isiforme) and 51.5% (E. denticulatum). Pairwise sequence identities among these sequences ranged from 97.6% to 98.5%, levels comparable to some intergeneric identities within Gracilariales. In phylogenetic analyses, the two Eucheuma ssu-rDNAs group stably together vis-a-vis the ssu-rDNA of K. alvarezii, and these three ssu-rDNAs form a monophyletic group within a larger grouping of other carrageenophytes. The results demonstrate quantitatively that analysis of nuclear-encoded ssu-rDNA sequences is likely to be useful in resolving taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic questions among tribe Eucheumatoideae Doty.

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Carrageenans of species of Eucheuma J. Agardh and Kappaphycus Doty (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta)

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Australian Red Algae of the Family Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): Highly Methylated Carrageenans from the Genus Rhabdonia

Cell Wall Polysaccharides from Australian Red Algae of the Family Solieriaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta): Highly Methylated Carrageenans from the Genus Rhabdonia

Preparation, structural characterization and in vitro antitumor activity of kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharide fraction from Kappaphycus striatum

Relationships among Eucheuma denticulatum, Eucheuma isiforme and Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) based on nuclear ssu-rRNA gene sequences

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