Carrageenans from tetrasporophytic and gametophytic stages of Cystoclonium purpureum

CARRAGEENANS BIOSYNTHESIZED BY CARPOSPOROPHYTES OF RED SEAWEEDS GIGARTINA SKOTTSBERGII (GIGARTINACEAE) AND GYMNOGONGRUS TORULOSUS (PHYLLOPHORACEAE)1

“…Recently, small amounts of lambda structure were found in the system of carrageenans extracted from cystocarpic plants of Gigartina skottsbergii and Gymnogongrus torulosus (Ciancia et al 1993b, 1997, Estevez et al 2001). These results, together with those obtained from seaweeds in which both phases produce only kappa/iota‐carrageenans (DiNinno and McCandless 1978, Bert et al 1989), indicated that the type of carrageenan biosynthesized does not depend on the cell ploidy.…”

“…It has been reported (Gordon‐Mills and McCandless 1975), on the basis of results from histochemical techniques, that the carposporophytes biosynthesized lambda‐carrageenans, in agreement with the diploid character of the phase. This difference between carrageenans biosynthesized by the alternating life stages has not been observed in seaweeds from other families (DiNinno and McCandless 1978, Bert et al 1989).…”

CARRAGEENANS FROM AUSTRALIAN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY CYSTOCLONIACEAE (GIGARTINALES, RHODOPHYTA), WITH DESCRIPTION OF CALLIBLEPHARIS CELATOSPORA SP. NOV., AND TRANSFER OF AUSTROCLONIUM TO THE FAMILY ARESCHOUGIACEAE

“…The assignment of this signal is further supported by the established 13 C-NMR data for lambda ()-carrageenan (sulfated C-6 of the 4-linked residue at 68.1 ppm relative to Me 2 SO at 39.4 ppm) (Falshaw and Furneaux 1994). The 13 C-NMR spectra reported for sulfated galactans from Cystoclonium purpureum and two species of Calliblepharis (Bert et al 1989, Zinoun and Cosson 1996 also match that of -carrageenan. In addition to the signals for -carrageenan, the spectrum of the preparation from Rhodophyllis membranacea (not shown) displayed two minor signals at 100.2 and 73.8 ppm characteristic of C-1 and C-3 of ␣-(1,4)-linked Glcp (Lahaye et al 1986, Knutsen andGrasdalen 1987) and demonstrated that the high levels of Glc detected in the constituent sugar analysis (Table 4) of the preparation were derived from floridean starch.…”

“…Few representatives of the Cystocloniaceae have been investigated for their sulfated galactans. Those studied include Cystoclonium and the northern hemisphere species of Calliblepharis, which have been shown to produce essentially straightforward -carrageenans (Deslandes et al 1985, Bert et al 1989, Cosson et al 1990, Zinoun and Cosson 1993. In addition, carrabiitol derivatives were obtained by partial reductive hydrolysis of whole fronds of two Fimbrifolium species from Russia (Usov and Klochkova 1992), indicating that they are carrageenophytes.…”

Preliminary approach to the characterization and seasonal variation of carrageenans from four Rhodophyceae on the Normandy coast (France)

“…3) . Calliblepharis jubata, Cystoclonium purpureum and Gymnogongrus crenulatus grow in the lower part of the intertidal zone and were col-ICALVADOSI Fig Samples were not sorted according to their sexual phase, but Bert et al (1989) showed that there were no substantial differences in yield or carrageenan type between extracts from the different life history phases of the same species . Carrageenan extraction was carried out according to the alkaline process described by Deslandes et al .…”