Carrageenans effect on neutrophils alone and in combination with LPS in vitro

Abstract

Influence of sulfated red algal polysaccharides (κ-, λ-, and κ/β-carrageenans) and degraded derivative of κ/β-carrageenan on neutrophils/monocytes activation alone and in combination with lipopolysaccharide was investigated by means of determination of reactive oxygen species production, latex microparticles engulfment, total and extracellular myeloperoxidase induction and the analysis of silhouette and contour two-dimensional images of flattened cells. Carrageenans alone can activate neutrophils with much less potency than lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the sulfation degree of carrageenans stipulates high activity in this role. On the other hand, carrageenans especially with low contents of sulfate groups are able to interfere with LPS in vitro resulting in reducing inter- and intracellular activation of neutrophils killing mechanisms. Further research is necessary to relate these findings to actions on the whole animal or human in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1603-1609, 2016.

Influence of carrageenan on cytokine production and cellular activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and its effect on experimental endotoxemia

“…Earlier, we studied the effect of carrageenan on human neutrophils alone and in combination with LPS. 15 In accordance with our results, carrageenan alone was able to activate neutrophils with much less potency than LPS. At the same time, carrageenans with a high sulfate content have the most prominent effect in this manner.…”

“…It has been found that carrageenan in vitro protects neutrophils against LPS‐induced killing . At the same time, reduced Density indicates a less solid cell body filling the area bounded by the convex hull.…”

“…It has been found that carrageenan in vitro protects neutrophils against LPS-induced killing. 15 At the same time, reduced Density indicates a less solid cell body filling the area bounded by the convex hull. Since the changes in the fractal dimension and LF were not correlated with parameters such as Density and Span Ratio, it allowed us to propose that we were dealing with overall cell shape changes only (the appearance of one or several large appendages, or stretching of the cell for directional movement), not with changes in the general physiology of the cells, which could contribute to changes in the cytoskeleton and restructuring of the microsculpture of macrophage cell membranes.…”

“…The safety of carrageenans for use in foods was confirmed at the 57 th meeting of the Joint Food and Agriculture (JECFA) Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2008. Intensive studies have shown that carrageenans can be regarded not only as foodstuff ingredients, due to their wide spectrum of biological and physiological activities, such as antiviral, anticoagulant, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities . At present, carrageenan is already included in the United States Pharmacopeia 35‐National Formulary 30S1 (USP35‐NF30S1), the British Pharmacopeia 2012 (BP2012) and the European Pharmacopeia 7.0 (EP7.0), implying that carrageenan may have a promising future as a pharmaceutical excipient .…”

“…Intensive studies have shown that carrageenans can be regarded not only as foodstuff ingredients, due to their wide spectrum of biological and physiological activities, such as antiviral, 8 anticoagulant, 9,10 antitumor 10 and immunomodulatory activities. [11][12][13][14][15] At present, carrageenan is already included in the United States Pharmacopeia 35-National Formulary 30S1 (USP35-NF30S1), the British Pharmacopeia 2012 (BP2012) and the European Pharmacopeia 7.0 (EP7.0), implying that carrageenan may have a promising future as a pharmaceutical excipient. [16][17][18] In addition, carrageenans are a source of soluble dietary fiber.…”