Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications

Pacheco-Quito, Edisson-Mauricio; Ruíz-Caro, Roberto; Veiga, María-Dolores

doi:10.3390/md18110583

Cited by 211 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 205 publications

(288 reference statements)

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“…Its antiviral activity has been attributed to its ability to interfere with the binding of virions to host cell. Carrageenans are in vitro inhibitors of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, human papilloma virus, varicella zoster virus, human rhinoviruses, and others 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial - Intensive Treatment Based in Ivermectin and Iota-Carrageenan as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Covid- 19 in Healthcare Agents

Chahla¹,

Ruiz²,

Ortega³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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IMPORTANCE: The emergency of COVID-19 requires the implementation of urgent strategies to prevent the spread of the disease, mainly in health personnel, who are the most exposed and has the highest risk of becoming infected with the SARS-COV-2. Drug repurposing is a pragmatic strategy, a faster and cheaper option, compared to the new drug development that has proven successful for many drugs and can be a key tool in emergency situations such as the current one that requires quick action. In addition, considering the limited access to vaccines for developing countries, preventive use of ivermectin can be a palliative that minimizes the risks of infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of the combination Ivermectin / Iota- Carrageenan (IVER/IOTACRC), intensive treatment with repeated administration in oral- and nasal-spray, respectively, as a prophylaxis treatment prior to exposure to SARS-CoV-2, in health personnel at Public Healthcare Centers. PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled 1-1 clinical trial in Personal Health, n = 234. The subjects were divided into experimental (EG: n=117; 39.6 ± 9.4 years old, 65F) and control groups (CG: n=117; 38.4 ± 7.4 years old, 61F). The EG received Ivermectin orally 2 tablets of 6 mg = 12 mg every 7 days, and Iota-Carrageenan 6 sprays per day for 4 weeks. All participants were evaluated by physical examination COVID-19 diagnosed with negative RT-PCR at the beginning, final, and follow-up of the protocol. Differences between the variables were determined using the Chi-square test. The proportion test almost contagious subject and the contagion risk (Odds Ratio) were calculated using software STATA. The level of statistical significance was reached when p-Value < 0.05. RESULT: The number of subjects who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in EG was lower, only 4 of 117 (3.4%) than subjects in CG: 25 of 117 (21.4%) (P-Value = 1.10-5). Nineteen patients had mild symptoms, 4 were in EG whereas, 15 were in CG (p-Value = 0.001). Seven subjects were moderate, and 3 with severe diagnostics, all them in CG. The probability (Odds Ratio) of becoming ill with COVID-19 was significantly lower in EG with values of 0.13, 95% 0.03 to 0.40; p-Value = 1.10-4, this value (<1) indicates a protective effect of the IVER/IOTACRC in the EG. Logistic regression test demonstrated that treatment was effective to prevent COVID-19 (Odds Ratio 0.11, 95% 0.03 to 0.33; p-Value = 1.10-4). We also found that when increase the age, decrease contagious risk (Odds Ratio 0, 93, 95% 0.88 to 0.98, p-Value= 0, 02). On the other hand, the probability of contracting COVID-19 was dependent on the patient's preexisting comorbidity (Odds Ratio 5.58, 95% 2.20 to 14.16, p-Value = 1.10-5). The other variables sex and designation were independent. CONCLUSION: The intensive preventive treatment (short-term) with IVER/IOTACRC was able to reduce the number of health workers infected with COVID-19. This treatment had also effect in preventing the severity of the disease, since all patients treated were mild. We propose a new therapeutic alternative for prevention and short-term intervention scheme (intensive) that is of benefit of the health worker in this pandemic accelerated time. This intervention did not produce lack of adherence to treatment or adverse effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial - Intensive Treatment Based in Ivermectin and Iota-Carrageenan as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Covid- 19 in Healthcare Agents

Chahla¹,

Ruiz²,

Ortega³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…7) indicating absence of free epichlorhydrin in the product, while comparing with the chromatographs of blank and standard chromatographic solutions (Figs 5 and 6). It can be seen from Table X that disintegration time of tablets prepared using modified k-Carrageenan was comparable with the tablets prepared using superdisintegrants 17,18 .…”

Section: Trace Analysis Of Linkermentioning

confidence: 69%

Modification of natural hydrocolloid as disintegrant in aceclofenac tablet formulation

Gupta

Manigauha

2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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The purpose of present exploration was to modify kappa (k)-Carrageenan, by crosslinking, and assessed it as a tablet disintegrant to strengthen the solubility of the drug (aceclofenac) in tablet formulation. Modified k-Carrageenan was synthesized by reacting it with epichlorhydrin at heterogenous conditions. The swelling action of the product was investigated in order to optimize reaction circumstances for chemical cross-linking. Best modified k-Carrageenan procured by optimizing the reaction conditions and it was characterized for swelling index, particle size distribution, solubility, viscosity, gel strength and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Influence of modified k-Carrageenan on dissolution profile of therapeutic was also investigated along with other evaluation parameters. Modified k-Carrageenan exhibiting significant swelling index which is comparable to that of superdisintegrants. On comparative investigation as a tablet disintegrant by preparing anhydrous dicalcium phosphate tablet, modified k-Carrageenan showed disintegration time less than 20 seconds. Dissolution of aceclofenac (Class II) tablet formulaion utilizing modified k-Carrageenan was comparable with commercially available superdisintegrants. Faster dissolution of the accommodated drug was achieved with modified k-Carrageenan which was comparable with dissolution of the tablet formulation containing other superdisintegrants. The competent concentration of k-Carrageenan was found to be 5-15% as tablet disintegrant. Modified k-Carrageenan might be encouraging tablet disintegrant in fast dissolving formulations and can be worn in direct compression method. Keywords: k-Carageenan. Epichlorhydrin. Aceclofenac. Crosslinking. Superdisintegrant

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“…Carrageenans are one of the most bioactive polysaccharides from seaweeds; their chemical structure allows the formation of hydrogels, thereby allowing them to be used in anti-viral and anti-bacterial ingredients in various formulae [ 128 , 129 ]. There are compelling reasons for the use of these compounds, given the high levels of safety, efficacy and biocompatibility reported, in addition to their being biodegradable and non-toxic [ 118 , 130 ]. Furthermore, ancient records show that carrageenan has been used as a traditional medicine to ameliorate coughs and the common cold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Health Benefits vs. Risks of Seaweeds and Their Constituents: The Curious Case of the Polymer Paradigm

et al. 2021

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To exploit the nutraceutical and biomedical potential of selected seaweed-derived polymers in an economically viable way, it is necessary to analyze and understand their quality and yield fluctuations throughout the seasons. In this study, the seasonal polysaccharide yield and respective quality were evaluated in three selected seaweeds, namely the agarophyte Gracilaria gracilis, the carrageenophyte Calliblepharis jubata (both red seaweeds) and the alginophyte Sargassum muticum (brown seaweed). It was found that the agar synthesis of G. gracilis did not significantly differ with the seasons (27.04% seaweed dry weight (DW)). In contrast, the carrageenan content in C. jubata varied seasonally, being synthesized in higher concentrations during the summer (18.73% DW). Meanwhile, the alginate synthesis of S. muticum exhibited a higher concentration (36.88% DW) during the winter. Therefore, there is a need to assess the threshold at which seaweed-derived polymers may have positive effects or negative impacts on human nutrition. Furthermore, this study highlights the three polymers, along with their known thresholds, at which they can have positive and/or negative health impacts. Such knowledge is key to recognizing the paradigm governing their successful deployment and related beneficial applications in humans.

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Carrageenan: Drug Delivery Systems and Other Biomedical Applications

Cited by 211 publications

References 205 publications

A Randomized Trial - Intensive Treatment Based in Ivermectin and Iota-Carrageenan as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Covid- 19 in Healthcare Agents

A Randomized Trial - Intensive Treatment Based in Ivermectin and Iota-Carrageenan as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for Covid- 19 in Healthcare Agents

Modification of natural hydrocolloid as disintegrant in aceclofenac tablet formulation

On the Health Benefits vs. Risks of Seaweeds and Their Constituents: The Curious Case of the Polymer Paradigm

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