Carpel Development

Ferrándiz, Cristina; Fourquin, Chloé; Prunet, Nathanaël; Scutt, Charles P.; Sundberg, Eva; Tréhin, Christophe; Vialette-Guiraud, Aurélie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-380868-4.00001-6

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 312 publications

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“…Carpels typically occur at the center of the flower forming the gynoecium, most commonly fused into a single pistil (a syncarpic gynoecium) or less frequently as individual organs that collectively form an apocarpic gynoecium composed of several pistils. The gynoecium confers major advantages to flowering plants: provides protection for the ovules; enables pollen capture and pollen tube guidance and supports self- and inter-specific incompatibility; finally, after fertilization of the ovules, the gynoecium develops into a fruit, which protects the developing seeds and facilitates seed dispersal (Ferrandiz et al, 2010). To accomplish these roles, gynoecium development involves the differentiation of specialized functional modules: stigma forms at the apex of pistils to capture and germinate pollen grains; immediately below, the style is rich in transmitting tissues that conduct pollen tubes to the ovary, which is a basal structure that contains the ovules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of NGATHA altered activity on auxin signaling pathways within the Arabidopsis gynoecium

Martínez-Fernández¹,

Sanchís²,

Marini³

et al. 2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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The four NGATHA genes (NGA) form a small subfamily within the large family of B3-domain transcription factors of Arabidopsis thaliana. NGA genes act redundantly to direct the development of the apical tissues of the gynoecium, the style, and the stigma. Previous studies indicate that NGA genes could exert this function at least partially by directing the synthesis of auxin at the distal end of the developing gynoecium through the upregulation of two different YUCCA genes, which encode flavin monooxygenases involved in auxin biosynthesis. We have compared three developing pistil transcriptome data sets from wildtype, nga quadruple mutants, and a 35S::NGA3 line. The differentially expressed genes showed a significant enrichment for auxin-related genes, supporting the idea of NGA genes as major regulators of auxin accumulation and distribution within the developing gynoecium. We have introduced reporter lines for several of these differentially expressed genes involved in synthesis, transport and response to auxin in NGA gain- and loss-of-function backgrounds. We present here a detailed map of the response of these reporters to NGA misregulation that could help to clarify the role of NGA in auxin-mediated gynoecium morphogenesis. Our data point to a very reduced auxin synthesis in the developing apical gynoecium of nga mutants, likely responsible for the lack of DR5rev::GFP reporter activity observed in these mutants. In addition, NGA altered activity affects the expression of protein kinases that regulate the cellular localization of auxin efflux regulators, and thus likely impact auxin transport. Finally, protein accumulation in pistils of several ARFs was differentially affected by nga mutations or NGA overexpression, suggesting that these accumulation patterns depend not only on auxin distribution but could be also regulated by transcriptional networks involving NGA factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of NGATHA altered activity on auxin signaling pathways within the Arabidopsis gynoecium

Martínez-Fernández¹,

Sanchís²,

Marini³

et al. 2014

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…As many other examples highlight the morphological consequences of microtubule network perturbations (Buschmann and Lloyd, 2008;Hamant and Traas, 2010;Mathur, 2004;Mathur and Chua, 2000;Uyttewaal et al, 2012), we can make the assumption that similar events occur in qky, though stochastically, only affecting certain patches of epidermal cells. Local changes of anisotropic growth during elongation stages of gynoecium development [from stage 12/14 on (Ferrandiz et al, 2010;Roeder and Yanofsky, 2006)] cause nonhomogenous cell elongation along the apicobasal axis, resulting in a twisting of the gynoecium. This hypothesis is substantiated by the fact that the botero mutation strongly reduces the qky-11 twisting phenotype.…”

Section: Qky Belongs To a Multiprotein Complex Involved In Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

QUIRKY interacts with STRUBBELIG and PAL OF QUIRKY to regulate cell growth anisotropy during Arabidopsis gynoecium development

et al. 2013

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Organ morphogenesis largely relies on cell division and elongation, which need to be both coordinated between cells and orchestrated with cytoskeleton dynamics. However, components that bridge the biological signals and the effectors that define cell shape remain poorly described. We have addressed this issue through the functional characterisation of QUIRKY (QKY), previously isolated as being involved in the STRUBBELIG (SUB) genetic pathway that controls cell-cell communication and organ morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. QKY encodes a protein containing multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, and SUB encodes an atypical LRRreceptor-like kinase. We show that twisting of the gynoecium observed in qky results from the abnormal division pattern and anisotropic growth of clustered cells arranged sporadically along the gynoecium. Moreover, the cortical microtubule (CMT) network of these cells is disorganised. A cross to botero, a katanin mutant in which the normal orientation of CMTs and anisotropic cell expansion are impaired, strongly reduces silique deviation, reinforcing the hypothesis of a role for QKY in CMT-mediated cell growth anisotropy. We also show that QKY is localised at the plasma membrane and functions in a multiprotein complex that includes SUB and PAL OF QUIRKY (POQ), a previously uncharacterised PB1-domaincontaining protein that localises both at the plasma membrane and in intracellular compartments. Our data indicate that QKY and its interactors play central roles linking together cell-cell communication and cellular growth.

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“…Fruits are derived from carpels, which form a gynoecium in the center of the flower. Many key regulators of carpel development also have roles in leaf development, thereby emphasizing the evolutionary origin of carpels as modified leaves (Scutt et al, 2006;Ferrá ndiz et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INDEHISCENT and SPATULA Interact to Specify Carpel and Valve Margin Tissue and Thus Promote Seed Dispersal inArabidopsis

et al. 2011

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Structural organization of organs in multicellular organisms occurs through intricate patterning mechanisms that often involve complex interactions between transcription factors in regulatory networks. For example, INDEHISCENT (IND), a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, specifies formation of the narrow stripes of valve margin tissue, where Arabidopsis thaliana fruits open on maturity. Another bHLH transcription factor, SPATULA (SPT), is required for reproductive tissue development from carpel margins in the Arabidopsis gynoecium before fertilization. Previous studies have therefore assigned the function of SPT to early gynoecium stages and IND to later fruit stages of reproductive development. Here we report that these two transcription factors interact genetically and via protein-protein contact to mediate both gynoecium development and fruit opening. We show that IND directly and positively regulates the expression of SPT, and that spt mutants have partial defects in valve margin formation. Careful analysis of ind mutant gynoecia revealed slight defects in apical tissue formation, and combining mutations in IND and SPT dramatically enhanced both single-mutant phenotypes. Our data show that SPT and IND at least partially mediate their joint functions in gynoecium and fruit development by controlling auxin distribution and suggest that this occurs through cooperative binding to regulatory sequences in downstream target genes.

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Carpel Development

Cited by 70 publications

References 312 publications

The effect of NGATHA altered activity on auxin signaling pathways within the Arabidopsis gynoecium

The effect of NGATHA altered activity on auxin signaling pathways within the Arabidopsis gynoecium

QUIRKY interacts with STRUBBELIG and PAL OF QUIRKY to regulate cell growth anisotropy during Arabidopsis gynoecium development

INDEHISCENT and SPATULA Interact to Specify Carpel and Valve Margin Tissue and Thus Promote Seed Dispersal inArabidopsis

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